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The Arval Hymn and Early Latin Verse1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 February 2009

R. G. Tanner
R. G. Tanner
Affiliation:
Newcastle University College, New South Wales
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Extract

I. (a) By Ictus we mean in this paper the sounds emphasized in the pattern of an utterance in the given language under discussion. So in languages like Chinese which depend on variation of tone we mean that the high notes (or rising tones) in the intonation tune of a sentence or the rhythmic scheme of a verse carry an ictus; while in a language based, like English, on speech stress, we mean that the syllables uttered most loudly and clearly bear the ictus. Again, some languages, such as Italian, emphasize a syllable by a combination of stress and raised pitch, so in these languages we say that the syllables so emphasized receive the ictus. Lastly, in a language like ancient Greek or Vedic Sanskrit where quantity is decisive in utterance, the syllables which receive emphasis are the long ones, and thus it is these which have an ictus.

Type
Research Article
Information
The Classical Quarterly , Volume 11 , Issue 3-4 , December 1961 , pp. 209 - 238
Copyright
Copyright © The Classical Association 1961

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References

page 209 note 2 Renou, L., Grammaire de la Langue Védique §§ 85–96.Google Scholar

page 209 note 3 Whitney, , Skt. Grammar, § 366.Google Scholar

page 210 note 1 Cf. RV. vii 88. I—a yet more striking case covering tristubh verses a-b.Google Scholar

page 210 note 2 On the greater prevalence of tmesis in early Latin: Servius in Aeneid. i. 412.

page 210 note 3 On old Irish pronouns: see Lewis, and Pedersen, , Concise Comp. Celt. Grammar, § 336.Google Scholar

page 210 note 4 The Praeneste fibula offends de Groot's rule: (third word) MANIOS: MED: FHE: FHAKED: NUMASIOI. But see Revue des Études Latines xii (1934), 119 for his views at length.Google Scholar

page 212 note 1 Lindsay, W. M., Early Latin Verse, 1922.Google Scholar

page 212 note 2 C.R. lxxiii, N.S. ix (1959). 45.Google Scholar

page 212 note 3 Text follows Ernout: normalized in triads (2), (3), (4) as repetition assumed.

page 213 note 1 Koster, W. J. W., ‘Versus Saturnius’, Mnemosyne lvii (1929), 267–346.Google Scholar

page 213 note 2 Ibid., 316.

page 214 note 1 p. 211.

page 216 note 1 Op. cit., pp. 318–19.Google Scholar

page 216 note 2 de Groot, A. W., Revue des Études Latines, xii (1934), 312.Google Scholar

page 216 note 3 Bericht, S.. Münch. Akad., 1892, pp. 188–219.Google Scholar

page 216 note 4 p. 213 above.

page 217 note 1 p. 210 above.

page 217 note 2 op. cit., p. 131.Google Scholar

page 218 note 1 Where vowels e/i/u are treated as consonantal they will lengthen the foregoing syllable, whose vowel is therefore marked long.

page 219 note 1 Prepositional phrases and other grammatical combinations with monosyllables preceding or following a longer word tended to be treated as word-groups.

page 220 note 1 Cato, , de agri cultura, c.Google Scholar 132—quoted in Müller, , Handbuch der klassischen Altertums wissenschaft, ii. 577.Google Scholar

page 220 note 2 Cato, , op. cit., c. 160.Google Scholar

page 221 note 1 Whatmough, J., A.J.P. lviii (1937), 483 ff.Google Scholar

page 221 note 2 We might also scan the first colon on strict initial word stress rules as VAR:

The division of would then be a device to move its accent off the first syllable.

page 222 note 1 Loc. cit.

page 225 note 1 However, the same facts lead Pasquali to the opposite conclusion that Saturnian verse must be quantitative!

page 226 note 1 Suetonius, , Divus Iulius, 49.Google Scholar

page 226 note 2 Lucretius, , de Rerum Natura 1. 150.Google Scholar

page 226 note 3 Ernout, Alfred, Recueil de Textes Latins Archaiques, Paris, Klincksieck, 1947.Google Scholar

page 226 note 4 Cf. above, pp. 223–4.

page 229 note 1 Cf. above, p. 228.

page 232 note 1 Elision of an initial monosyllable would be foreign to stress trochaic verse.

page 234 note 1 Mariotti, S., Livio Andronico e la traduzione artistica (Urbino, 1952), pp. 72–91.Google Scholar

page 234 note 2 Warmington, E. H., Remains of Old Latin, vol. ii. 26 (Loeb).Google Scholar

page 236 note 1 We should not press this too far. Non-epic need not mean non-Satumian (cf. p. 230).

page 238 note 1 By this term the writer means poetry written before the total victory of the Greek quantitative verse principle in the hands of Ennius.

page 238 note 2 This sentence was written in 1959.