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Chalkidike

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 February 2009

E. Harrison
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Extract

The following quotations will show what is thought about the origin and extension of the name Chalkidike and the work of Euboean Chalkis in those parts:—

‘The barren islands of Sciathus and Peparethus were the bridge from Euboea to the coast of Macedonia, which, between the rivers Axius and Strymon, runs out into a huge three-pronged promontory. Here Chalcis planted so many towns that the whole promontory was named Chalcidice.’ ‘The whole peninsula was called Chalkidike, and the Greeks in it were comprised under the name of the Thracian Chalkidians.’

Some passages of Herodotus and Thucydides led me to suspect that Chalkis took but a minor part, if any, in the colonization of this region; that the area of the Chalkidians of Thrace was comparatively small; that the name was confined to this area; and that these Chalkidians were not colonists from the cities of southern Greece, but, like their neighbours the Bottiaioi, a tribe. Further enquiry, though it has strengthened these suspicions, has not established them beyond doubt; but it seems to me worth while to set out the evidence, in the hope that others may throw light on a question of some importance for the history of Greece. At least I may expect that in future ‘Chalkidike’ and ‘Chalkidians’ will be used with care.

Type
Research Article
Information
The Classical Quarterly , Volume 6 , Issue 2 , April 1912 , pp. 93 - 103
Copyright
Copyright © The Classical Association 1912

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References

page 93 note 1 J. B. Bury Hist, of Greece ch. 2, §2.

page 93 note 2 G. Busolt Gr. Gesch. I2, p. 453. Beloch Gr. Gesch. i. p. 189; E. Meyer Gesch. d Alterthums II. § 299.

page 94 note 1 Of course a particular colony (e.g. Sicilian Meg ara) may itself be named after the mother-town.

page 94 note 2 Aural MSS.

page 95 note 1 E. Meyer G. d. A. iv. § 536: ‘Die Chalki-dier und Bottiaeer ⃛ gaben ⃛ ihre kleinen Ortschaften auf, rissen ihre Mauern nieder, und siedelten nach Olynth zusammen.’ But Thucy- dides confines this to Chalkidians, and to .

page 95 note 2 Aineia, on the west coast, may be added from the quota-lists. I omit Argilos as lying north of the latitude of Bolbe.

page 95 note 3 It is not the same as the Eion by the mouth of the Strymon.

page 96 note 1 See p. 104.

page 96 note 2 See appendix ii.

page 96 note 3 Thuc. i. 61. 4 (exconiectura).

page 96 note 4 See appendix iii.

page 96 note 5 Compare appendix vi., and J. Steup, Thukydideische Studien, i. p. 46

page 96 note 6 Herodotus too seems to imply that Sane was the only Greek town in Akte (vii. 22).

page 96 note 7 Once, however, we find with in loose apposition to it (iv. 79. 2).

page 96 note 8 Skione is an exception of a sort.

page 97 note 1 In the former case compare Hdt. ix. 15 ‘those of the dwellers by the Asopos who were near’; Plut. Fabius 2 , probably ‘the adjacent part of Italy.’ In the latter case compare Aristoph. Wasps 393 ; St. Luke iii. 3 Plut. de def. orac. 21 ‘S. the neighbours of the L.’

page 97 note 2 My own impression is that the genitive is possessive, and that the reference is to Torone and Sermylia, and possibly also to Stolos, Meky berna, Singe, and others (e.g. Assera, Piloros, Sarte). Torone and Stolos were Chalkidic; and Sermylia, Mekyberna, Singe, may have been Chalkidic for all that we know. These tow may suffice for anyone who cares to see to the bottom of the joke in Knights 237–8. Such in-vitations would be unofficial, and chiefly from the opponents of democracy (compare thedivision of parties in Akanthos, iv. 84. 2): those who invited Brasidas to Torone were ‘a few men’ (iv. no. 1). For Sermylia see below, p. 98.

page 98 note 1 Mekyberna, though it had an Athenian garrison, was captured by the Olynthians in the following (v. 39. 1).

page 98 note 2 Or MSS., with slight variations, Poppo Kirchhoff.

page 98 note 3 CIA iv. (1) p. 142; Busolt Gr. Gesch. III., p. 1172

page 98 note 4 See above.

page 99 note 1 Especially in view of v. 83. 4

page 99 note 2 See appendix viii.

page 99 note 3 C. Muller Geogr. Gr. Min. i. p. 52, § 66.

page 99 note 4 See appendix vii.

page 100 note 1 The MSS. give a choice of The imperfect suggests that the author is drawing on a memory of his Stagirite days.

page 100 note 2 Compare Theopompos, fr. 147 (below).

page 100 note 3 Aristotle wrote a . In a contreaty between Amyntas of Macedon and , made in 394–3 or between 389 and 383. Amphipolis, the Bottiaioi, Akanthos, and Mende, appear as non-participants. See also Xen. Hell. v. 3. 6.

page 100 note 4 Fr. 150 (G. and H.) ═ 174 (M.), MikKwpos from Steph. Byz., who has an almost identical entry under, MikKwpos from Steph. Byz., who has an almost identical entry under (confusion of A and A). In the tribute-lists occurs once, twice. This variation between K and r should make us slow to change the of Thuc. v. 18. 5 into con formity with the of the tribute-lists.

page 100 note 5 Theophr. Hist. Plant, iv. 8. 8: (a certain plant is found) Hence is emended Pliny N. H. xviii. § 122, in Toron<a>e Chalcidi<ce>s lacu. On a letter ascribed to Speusippos see below.

page 101 note 1 The single exception is perhaps only apparent, since 'plov is scarcely a proper name.

page 101 note 2 For exceptions see appendix vii.

page 102 note 1 i. 30. 2; iii. 102. 2; iv. 7, 75. 2, 84. 1, 88. 2, 102. I, 104. 4, 107. 3, 109. 3, 123. 1; v. 6. I (twice).

page 102 note 2 i. 56. 2; ii. 66. 1; iii. 88. 2; iv. 103. 3; v. 84. 2.

page 102 note 3 Thucydides has some very similar uses where he is dwelling on the jumble of nationalities in the Sicilian war, vii. 57. 6–8:

page 103 note 1 Even Messene, though it was subsequently occupied by (vi. 4. 5, 6).

page 103 note 2 Compare Ar. Pol. 1274 a 23: Charondas of Katane was lawgiver to his own city In the same way the nearest common denomination of Leontinoi and Athens was ‘Ionian’, and it is as Ionians that the Leontines appeal to Athens in Thuc. iii. 86. 3.See appendix xi.

page 103 note 3 in Thuc. iv. 61. 4 (quoted above) is different: there is added to rein-force the argument that Athens is not inspired by race-hatred, but covets Sicily as a whole.