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Determination of the phase composition of partially dehydroxylated kaolinites by modelling their X-ray diffraction patterns

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 August 2019

Victor A. Drits ,
Boris A. Sakharov ,
Olga V. Dorzhieva ,
Bella B. Zviagina  and
Holger Lindgreen
Victor A. Drits*
Affiliation:
Geological Institute, Russian Academy of Science, 119017, Moscow, Russia
Boris A. Sakharov
Affiliation:
Geological Institute, Russian Academy of Science, 119017, Moscow, Russia
Olga V. Dorzhieva
Affiliation:
Geological Institute, Russian Academy of Science, 119017, Moscow, Russia Institute of Ore Geology, Petrography, Mineralogy and Geochemistry, Russian Academy of Science, 119017, Moscow, Russia
Bella B. Zviagina
Affiliation:
Geological Institute, Russian Academy of Science, 119017, Moscow, Russia
Holger Lindgreen
Affiliation:
Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, DK-1350, Copenhagen K, Denmark
*
*E-mail: victor.drits@mail.ru
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Abstract

Modelling of experimental X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns is used to determine the phase composition of partially dehydroxylated kaolinite samples. To identify unambiguously the presence of two or three phases in the heated kaolinite samples, the full range of their XRD patterns has to be analysed. Two different kaolinites, from Imerys (UK) and from Georgia (USA; KGa-21), were studied. The heating temperatures were selected to cover the entire range of dehydroxylation for both kaolinites (400–550°C for Imerys and 400–495°C for KGa-21). Two different dehydroxylation pathways were observed. At each stage of partial dehydroxylation, the kaolinite from Imerys consisted of the original, non-dehydroxylated kaolinite and of a fully dehydroxylated phase, metakaolinite. During partial dehydroxylation of kaolinite KGa-21, each product formed at a given heating temperature consisted of three phases: the original kaolinite; a dehydroxylated phase, metakaolinite; and a phase with diffraction features corresponding to a defective kaolinite-like structure. To determine the content of metakaolinite in a partially dehydroxylated specimen, its experimental XRD pattern was reproduced by the optimal summation of the diffraction patterns of the initial kaolinite and metakaolinite. A procedure that reveals the basic diffraction features of the third phase is suggested. The XRD patterns and thus the structures of the metakaolinites formed after dehydroxylation of the Imerys and KGa-21 samples differ substantially. The conventional determination of the initial kaolinite and metakaolinite contents in partially dehydroxylated kaolinite based on the analysis of basal reflections and weight losses may lead to overlooking the formation of the intermediate phases.

Keywords

intermediate phaseskaolinitemetakaolinitepartially dehydroxylated kaoliniteXRD pattern modelling
Type
Article
Information
Clay Minerals , Volume 54 , Issue 3 , September 2019 , pp. 309 - 322
Copyright
Copyright © Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 2019 

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Footnotes

Editor: George E. Christidis

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