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The effect of clay minerals on the formation of goethite and hematite from ferrihydrite after 16 years’ ageing at 25°C and pH 4 – 7

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2018

U. Schwertmann ,
J. Friedl ,
H. Stanjek  and
D. G. Schulze
U. Schwertmann*
Affiliation:
Lehrstuhl für Bodenkunde der Technischen Universität München, D-85350 Freising, Germany
J. Friedl
Affiliation:
Lehrstuhl für Bodenkunde der Technischen Universität München, D-85350 Freising, Germany
H. Stanjek
Affiliation:
Lehrstuhl für Bodenkunde der Technischen Universität München, D-85350 Freising, Germany
D. G. Schulze
Affiliation:
Agronomy Department, Purdue University, 1150 Lilly Hall, West LafayetteIN 47907-1150, USA
*
*E-mail: uschwert@pollux.edv.agrar.tu-muenchen.de
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Abstract

In soils and other weathering environments, hematite and goethite are usually formed in the presence of clay minerals. Two-line ferrihydrite was aged in the presence of six different clay minerals in aqueous suspension at 25°C and pH 4, 5, 6 and 7 for 16 years. The transformation into hematite/goethite mixtures was complete in the systems with gibbsite, kaolinite, illite and smectite, but incomplete in those with soil smectite and allophane. Soil smectite and allophane, as well as increasing pH, favoured hematite over goethite. The grainy and multi-domainic hematite crystals in the allophane system contained Si and Al (EDX) and showed a Si – O vibration at ∼920 cm– 1 (FTIR). The unit-cell contraction due to structural Al was counteracted by structural OH, which was removed at 200°C. Heating also increased the magnetic hyperfine field at RT by 1.2 – 1.6 T. Hematite crystals with irregular shape and grainy interior have also been observed in soils.

Keywords

weatheringsoilhematitegoethitekaoliniteillitesmectite
Type
Research Article
Information
Clay Minerals , Volume 35 , Issue 4 , September 2000 , pp. 613 - 623
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 2000

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