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Microwave irradiation used for all steps of pre-pillaring Al-montmorillonite

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2018

S. Yapar ,
R. M. Torres Sánchez ,
M. Emreol ,
P. Weidler  and
K. Emmerich
S. Yapar*
Affiliation:
Ege University, Chemical Engineering Department, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
R. M. Torres Sánchez
Affiliation:
CETMIC, Camino Centenario y 506, (1897) M. B.Gonnet, Argentina
M. Emreol
Affiliation:
Ege University, Chemical Engineering Department, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
P. Weidler
Affiliation:
Institute of Functional Interfaces, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Germany
K. Emmerich
Affiliation:
Institute of Functional Interfaces, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Germany Competence Center for Material Moisture, University of Karlsruhe, Germany
*
*E-mail: saadet.yapar@ege.edu.tr
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Abstract

In this study, a new procedure for the synthesis of pillared clays is proposed. Ageing processes and intercalation reactions were carried out using microwave irradiation in order to decrease the consumption of three industrially-important parameters; time, water consumption and energy. The effects of microwave irradiation, the amount of Al and the Al3+/clay ratio on the physicochemical properties of Al-pillared montmorillonites were investigated. The structural changes, depending on the intercalation and microwave irradiation, were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses and by measuring the specific surface area and pore-size distribution. Additionally, simultaneous thermal analyses (STA) and zeta potential measurements were carried out to determine physicochemical properties. According to the XRD measurements, the d001 value of microwave-irradiated samples is not affected by the amount of Al and the Al3+/clay ratio; microwave irradiation causes a 0.20 nm contraction in the d001 value in comparison to that of a conventionally pillared sample. The results of FTIR analyses reveal that the intensity of peaks assigned to Keggin-OH and Keggin-H2O stretches is diminished in the case of microwave-irradiated samples. The STA analyses indicate that the amount of water released during dehydroxylation is decreased in the case of microwave-irradiated samples. By considering the contraction in d001 values and the decreases in Keggin-stretching bands and also in the amount of dehydroxylation water, it was concluded that microwave irradiation has a calcination effect.

Keywords

STAXRDSEMisoelectric pointFTIRwater-vapour adsorption
Type
Research Article
Information
Clay Minerals , Volume 44 , Issue 2 , June 2009 , pp. 267 - 278
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 2009

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