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Clay minerals for nanocomposites and biotechnology: surface modification, dynamics and responses to stimuli†

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2018

H. Heinz
H. Heinz*
Affiliation:
Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA
*
*E-mail: hendrik.heinz@uakron.edu
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Abstract

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Clay minerals find a wide range of application in composites, paints, drilling liquids, cosmetics, and medicine. This article reviews chemical and physical properties of natural and organically modified clay minerals to understand the nanometre-scale structure, surface characteristics, and application in functional materials. The relation between fundamental properties and materials design is emphasized and illustrated by examples. The discussion comprises the following: an overview; surface structure and cation density; solubility and solubility reversal by surface modification; the degree of covalent and ionic bonding represented by atomic charges; the distribution of metal substitution sites; measurements and simulations of interfacial properties at the nanometre scale; self-assembly, packing density, and orientation of alkylammonium surfactants on the clay mineral surface; the density and chain conformation of surfactants in organic interlayer spaces; the free energy of exfoliation in polymer matrices and modifications by tuning the cleavage energy; thermal transitions, diffusion, and optical responses of surfactants on the mineral surface; elastic moduli and bending stability of clay layers; and the adsorption mechanism of peptides onto clay mineral surfaces in aqueous solution. Potential applications in biotechnology and other future uses are described.

Keywords

clay mineralssurfactantsdispersionsimulationnanomechanicsnanocompositesbiotechnology
Type
papers presented at the Euroclay 2011 Conference, Antalya, Turkey 11th George Brown Lecture
Information
Clay Minerals , Volume 47 , Issue 2 , June 2012 , pp. 205 - 230
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BY
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 2012 This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution license. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 2012

Footnotes

†

Presented at the Euroclay 2011 Conference at Antalya, Turkey

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