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Diagenetic history of the Podhale-Orava Basin and the underlying Tatra sedimentary structural units (Western Carpathians): evidence from XRD and K-Ar of illite-smectite

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2018

J. Środoń ,
M. Kotarba ,
A. Biroň ,
P. Such ,
N. Clauer  and
A. Wójtowicz
J. Środoń*
Affiliation:
Institute of Geological Sciences PAN, Senacka 1, 31002 Kraków, Poland
M. Kotarba
Affiliation:
Institute of Geological Sciences PAN, Senacka 1, 31002 Kraków, Poland
A. Biroň
Affiliation:
Geological Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Severná 5, 97401 Banská , Bystrica, Slovakia
P. Such
Affiliation:
Oil and Gas Institute, Lubicz 25a, 31503 Kraków, Poland
N. Clauer
Affiliation:
Centre de Geochimie de la Surface CNRS-ULP, 1, rue Blessig, 67084 Strasbourg, France
A. Wójtowicz
Affiliation:
Institute of Geological Sciences PAN, Senacka 1, 31002 Kraków, Poland
*
*E-mail: ndsrodon@cyf-kr.edu.pl
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Abstract

Diagenesis in the Podhale and Orava Paleogene flysch basins and in the underlying Mesozoic structural units was studied by XRD measurement of the percent smectite in the mixedlayer illite-smectite from shales and K-Ar dating of the illite-smectite from bentonites, supported by XRD quantitative mineral analysis, grain density, and porosity measurements of the bulk shales. The diagenetic mineral reactions identified in the flysch shales include illitization of smectite (>60 to <5%S), dissolution of K-feldspar and kaolinite, crystallization of quartz, albite and chlorite. An unusually large amount of basin history information was obtained by combining the illite-smectite data from wells and from the present erosional surface of the basin.

The rocks underwent burial diagenesis at a stable geothermal gradient similar to the present-day value of 21±2°C/km. The maximum burial temperatures were reached very quickly (high sedimentation rate) close to the basin inversion time, at ∼17 Ma in the western part and 18 Ma in the eastern part.

The basin floor, which included the present-day Tatra Mts., was inclined towards the East. The thickness of the sedimentary filling of the basin ranged from 3.5–4.5 km in the western Tatra (removed entirely), to 5–6 km in the western Podhale (<3–4 km removed), to 6.5–7.5 km in the eastern Podhale (>4–5 km removed), and even more in the eastern Tatra and Spisská Magura close to the Ružbachy Fault. These data imply a major subsidence followed by uplift of the Podhale plus Tatra block along the Ružbachy Fault and the deposition of a thick sequence of Lower Miocene sediments over the entire area (latter removed by erosion).

The Mesozoic rocks of all the structural units underlying the flysch basin underwent advanced diagenesis (maximum palaeotemperatures of 160–270°C) during an Upper Cretaceous tectonic burial event at ∼80–90 Ma. The tectonic overload was removed before the Eocene transgression (49–42 Ma).

Keywords

Central Carpathian Palaeogene Basindiagenesiserosion rateillite-smectiteK-Ar datingOrava BasinPodhale Basinsedimentation rateTatra MountainsupliftPoland
Type
Research papers
Information
Clay Minerals , Volume 41 , Issue 3 , September 2006 , pp. 751 - 774
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 2006

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Footnotes

†

Present address: Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Physics UMCS, 20-031 Lublin, Poland

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