Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-xbtfd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-11T13:37:03.549Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Early diagenetic illitization of illite-smectite in Cretaceous sediments (Israel): evidence from K-Ar dating

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2018

A. Sandler  and
Y. Harlavan
A. Sandler*
Affiliation:
Geological Survey of Israel, 30 Malkhe Yisrael St, Jerusalem 95501, Israel
Y. Harlavan
Affiliation:
Geological Survey of Israel, 30 Malkhe Yisrael St, Jerusalem 95501, Israel
*
*E-mail: sandler@gsi.gov.il
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Clay and glauconite fractions separated from sedimentary rocks in Israel were analysed for their mineralogical composition by X-ray diffraction and dated by the K-Ar method. The main goal was to evaluate early diagenetic processes which might have affected the K-Ar system. One series of samples was taken from two contemporaneous mid-Albian to mid-Turonian (~105–91 Ma) shallow marine successions in which early diagenetic K-feldspar was found to be widespread. Another series was of samples of large spatial distribution associated with a mid- Turonian emergence event. None of the outcrops had been subjected to high temperatures due to deep burial or other thermal events. The abundant clay minerals in the first series are randomly ordered illite-smectite (I-S) phases of various discrete and mixed compositions. Illite, kaolinite, ordered I-S and palygorskite are sometimes present. The variability in clay assemblages and I-S composition within short vertical distances and the proximity to the provenance implies mostly a detrital origin for the clay minerals. The K-Ar ages of clay fractions in the first series are no older than 30% of the stratigraphie ages, much younger than the known detritus provenance ages. A few have known stratigraphie ages and one is younger by 10%. The K-Ar ages of associated glauconite fractions are younger by 5–13% than the stratigraphie ages. The ages of the clay fractions of the second series, which are on average more illitic, are mostly younger and no older than 22% more than the stratigraphie age. The age distribution and the clay mineralogy in the two series suggests that illitization of detrital I-S phases may start right after deposition under specific conditions, namely, contact of the sediments with K-rich brines, produced by evaporation in restricted marine environments. The process may continue from a few to many millions of years after burial, as long as K-enriched solutions are available. However, in most cases the near-surface temperatures did not enable a completion of the K-Ar reset process. It seems that low-temperature illitization is better explained as being dependent on solution composition and not on wetting-drying cycles.

Keywords

illite-smectiteglauconiteearly diagenesisK-ArCretaceousIsrael.
Type
Research Article
Information
Clay Minerals , Volume 41 , Issue 2 , June 2006 , pp. 637 - 658
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 2006

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Amireh, B.S, Jarrar, G., Henjes-Kunst, F. & Schneider, W. (1998) K-Ar dating, X-ray diffractometry, optical and scanning electron microscopy of glauconites from the early Cretaceous Kurnub Group of Jordan. Geological Journal, 33, 49—65.3.0.CO;2-Y>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Amorosi, A. (1997) Detecting compositional, spatial, and temporal attributes of glaucony: a tool for provenance research. Sedimentary Geology, 109, 135—153.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arkin, Y. & Braun, M. (1965) Type sections of Upper Cretaceous formations in the northern Negev. Israel Geological Survey Stratigraphie Sections, 2a, 19 pp.Google Scholar
Bartov, J., Eyal, Y., Garfunkel, Z. & Steinitz, G. (1972) Late Cretaceous and Tertiary stratigraphy and paleogeography of southern Israel. Israel Journal of Earth-Sciences, 21, 69—97.Google Scholar
Bentor, Y.K (1966) The Clays of Israel. Guide-book to the excursions. International Clay Conference, Israel. Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem, 121 pp.Google Scholar
Beyth, M. & Heimann, A. (1999) The youngest igneous event in the crystalline basement of the Arabian- Nubian Shield, Timna Igneous Complex. Israel Journal of Earth-Science, 48, 113—120.Google Scholar
Biscaye, P.E (1965) Mineralogy and sedimentation of Recent deep-sea clay in the Atlantic Ocean and the adjacent seas and oceans. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 76, 803—832.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bonhomme, M.G (1987) Type of sampling and comparison between K-Ar and Rb-Sr isotopic dating of fine fractions from sediments in attempt to date young diagenetic events. Chemical Geology, 65, 209—222.Google Scholar
Buchbinder, B., Benjamini, C. & Lipson-Benita, S. (2000) Sequence development of Late Cenomanian- Turonian carbonate ramps, platforms and basins in Israel. Cretaceous Research, 21, 813—843.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burley, S.D & Flisch, M. (1989) K-Ar geochronology and the timing of detrital I/S clay illitization and authigenic illlite precipitation in the Piper and Tartan Fields, Outer Moray Firth, UK North Sea. Clay Minerals, 24, 285—315.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clauer, N. & Chaudhuri, S. (1995) Clays in Crustal Environments, Isotope Dating and Tracing. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 349 pp.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clauer, N., Środoń, J., Francû J. & Suchâ V. (1997) K-Ar dating of illite/smectite fundamental particles separated from illite/smectite. Clay Minerals, 32, 181—196.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clauer, N., Rinckenbach, T., Weber, F., Sommer, F., Chaudhuri, S. & O'Neil, J.R (1999) Diagenetic evolution of clay minerals in oil-bearing Neogene sandstones and associated shales from Mahakam Delta Basin (Kalimantan, Indonesia). American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 83, 62—87.Google Scholar
Clauer, N., Hugget, J.M & Hillier, S. (2005) How reliable is the K-Ar glauconite chronometer? A case study of Eocene sediments from the Isle of Wight. Clay Minerals, 40, 167—176.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Craig, L.E, Smith, A.G & Armstrong, R.L (1989) Calibration of the geological time scale: Cenozoic and Late Cretaceous glauconite and nonglauconite dates compared. Geology, 17, 830—832.2.3.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deconinck, J.F, Strasser, A. & Debrabant, P. (1988) Formation of illitic minerals at surface temperatures in Purbekian sediments (Lower Berriasian, Swiss and French Jura). Clay Minerals, 23, 91—103. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deconinck, J.F, Gillot, P.Y, Steinberg, M. & Strasser, A. (2001) Syn-depositional, low temperature illite formation at the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary (Purbeckian) in the Jura mountains (Switzerland and France): K/Ar and δ18 evidence. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France, 172, 343—348.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elliott, W.C, Aronson, J.L, Matisoff, G. & Gautier, D.L (1991) Kinetics of the smectite to illite transformation in the Denver Basin; clay minerals, K-Ar data, and mathematical model results. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 75, 436—462.Google Scholar
Feinstein, S., Kohn, B.P & Eyal, M. (1989) Significance of combined vitrinite reflectance and fission-track studies in evaluating thermal history of sedimentary basins: An example from southern Israel. Pp. 197–216 in: Thermal History of Sedimentary Basins: Methods and Case Histories (Naeser, N.D. and, T.H McCulloh, editors). Springer-Verlag, New York.Google Scholar
Garfunkel, Z. (1988) The pre-Quarternary geology of Israel. Pp. 7—33 in: The Zoogeography of Israel (Yom-Tov, Y. & Tchernov, E., editors). Dr W. Junk Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.Google Scholar
Gradstein, F.M, Agterberg, F.P, Ogg, J.G, Hardenbol Veen, P., Thierry, J. & Huang ZA. (1994) Mesozoic time scale. Geophysical Research, 99, 24051—24074.Google Scholar
Graham, I.J, Glasby, G.P & Churchman, G.J (1997) Provenance of the detrital component of deep-sea sediments from the SW Pacific Ocean based on mineralogy, geochemistry and Sr isotopic composition. Marine Geology, 140, 75—96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harlavan, Y. (1992) Geochronology of the clay minerals in the Paleozoic section in southern Israel. Israel Geological Survey Report GSI/2/92 (in Hebrew, English abstract).Google Scholar
Harris, W.B (1982) Rubidium-strontium glaucony ages, southeastern Atlantic Coastal Plain, USA. Pp. 593—606 in: Numerical Dating in Stratigraphy (Odin, G.S., editor). John Wiley & Sons, New York.Google Scholar
Inoue, A., Bouchet, A., Velde, B. & Meunier, A. (1989) Convenient technique for estimating smectite layer percentage in randomly interstratified illite/smectite minerals. Clays and Clay Minerals, 37, 227—234.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jantschik, R. & Huon, S. (1992) Detrital silicates in northeast Atlantic deep-sea sediments during the late Quarternary; mineralogical and K-Ar isotopic data. Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae, 85, 195—212.Google Scholar
Jeans, C.V, Mitchell, J.G, Scherer, M. & Fisher, M.J (1994) Origin of the Permo-Triassic clay mica assemblage. Clay Minerals, 29, 575—589.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, G.D, Whitaker, F.F, Smart, P.L & Sanford, W.E (2002) Fate of reflux brines in carbonate platforms. Geology, 30, 371—374.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keppens, E., Clauer, N. & Odin, G.S (1984) Inheritance of radiogenic 87Sr and 40Ar in glauconites. Terra Cognita, 4, 223—224.Google Scholar
Kohn, B.P, Eyal, M. & Feinstein, S. (1992) A major Late Devonian-Early Carboniferous (Hercynian) thermotectonic event at the NW margin of the Arabian- Nubian Shield; evidence from zircon fission track dating. Tectonics, 11, 1018—1027.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kohn, B.P, Feinstein, S. & Eyal, M. (1990) Cretaceous to present paleothermal gradients, central Negev, Israel: Constraints from fission tracks dating. Nuclear Tracks Radiation Measurements, 17, 381—388.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kossovskaya, A.G & Drits, V.A (1970) The variability of micaceous minerals in sedimentary rocks. Sedimentology, 15, 83—101.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kotlarsky, P., Kapusta, J., Lang, B. & Steinitz, G. (1992) Calculation of isotopic ratios of argon on the MM- 1200 mass-spectrometer at the Geological Survey of Israel. Israel Geological Survey Report TR-GSI/3/4/ 92.Google Scholar
Lewy, Z. (1990a) Transgressions, regressions and relative sea level changes on the Cretaceous shelf of Israel and adjacent countries. A critical evaluation of Cretaceous global sea level correlations. Paleoceanography, 5, 619—637.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lewy, Z. (1990b) Field Trip No. 4. Guidebook, Cretaceous Field Conference, Israel, pp. 39—48.Google Scholar
Mackenzie, F.T & Kump, L.R (1995) Reverse weathering, clay mineral formation, and oceanic element cycles. Science, 270, 586—587.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Michalopoulos, P. & Aller, R.C (1995) Rapid clay mineral formation in Amazon delta sediments: Reverse weathering and oceanic elemental cycles. Science, 270, 614—617.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Michalopoulos, P. & Aller, R.C (2004) Early diagenesis of biogenic silica in the Amazon delta: Alteration, authigenic clay formation, and storage. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 68, 1061—1085.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moore, D.M & Reynolds, R.C (1989) X-Ray Diffraction and the Identification and Analysis of Clay Minerals. Oxford University Press, New York, 332 pp.Google Scholar
Morton, J.P & Long, L.E (1984) Rb-Sr ages of glauconite recrystallization: dating times of regional emergence above sea level. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 54, 495—506.Google Scholar
Nadeau, P.H & R.C., Reynolds Jr. (1981) Volcanic components in pelitic sediments. Nature, 294, 72—74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nikolaeva, I.V, Krasheninnikov, V.A, Golovii, D.I & Ivanovskaya TA. (1986) Possibility of radiologic dating based on the glauconite from the Paleogene sediments in the Eastern Mediterranean. Lithology and Mineral Resources, 20, 482—493.Google Scholar
Obradovich, J.D (1988) A different perspective on glauconite as a chronometer for geologic time scale. Paleoceanography, 3, 757—770.Google Scholar
Odin, G.S (editor) (1982) Numerical Dating in Stratigraphy. John Wiley & Sons, New York, 890 pp.Google Scholar
Odin, G.S (editor) (1988) Green Marine Clays. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 445 pp.Google Scholar
Odin, G.S & Hunziker, J.C (1982) Isotopic dating of the Albian-Cenomanian boundary. Pp. 537—556 in: Numerical Dating in Stratigraphy (Odin, G.S., editor). John Wiley & Sons, New York.Google Scholar
Odin, G.S and 35 collaborators (1982) Inter laboratory standards for dating purposes. Pp. 123-148 in: Numerical Dating in Stratigraphy. (Odin, G.S., editor). John Wiley & Sons, New York.Google Scholar
R.C., Reynolds Jr. (1998) NEWMOD a computer program for the calculation of one-dimensional diffraction patterns of mixed-layered clays. Reynolds, R.C., 8 Brook Rd., Hanover, NH, USA.Google Scholar
Roddick, J.C (1983) High precision intra calibration of 40Ar/39Ar standards. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 47, 887—898.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rousset, D. & Clauer, N. (2003) Discrete clay diagenesis in a very low-permeable sequence constrained by an isotopic (K-Ar and Rb-Sr) study. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 145, 182—198.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sagiv, B., Azmon, E. & Nathan, Y. (1978) Kaolinitic clays in the Makhtesh Hagadol. Israel Geological Survey Report GD/78/1 (in Hebrew, English abstract).Google Scholar
Sandler, A. (1996) A Turonian subaerial event in Israel: karst, sandstone and pedogenesis. Israel Geological Survey Bulletin, 85, 1—52.Google Scholar
Sandler, A., Harlavan, Y. & Steinitz, G. (2004) Early formation of K-feldspar in shallow marine sediments at ambient temperatures (southern Israel) as evident from K-Ar dating. Sedimentology, 51, 323—338.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sandler, A., Nathan Y, Eshet, Y. & Raab, M. (2001) Diagenesis of trioctahedral clays in a Miocene to Pleistocene sedimentary-magmatic sequence in the Dead-Sea Rift, Israel. Clay Minerals, 36, 29—47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sass, E. (2003) Platform dolomite: a testimony to paleoceanography and paleoclimatology. Israel Geological Society Annual Meeting Abstracts, p. 103.Google Scholar
Sass, E. & Bein, A. (1988) Dolomites and salinity: a comparative geochemical study. Special Publication of the Society of Economical Paleontology and Mineralogy, 43, 223—233.Google Scholar
Segev, A. (1986) Lithofacies relations and mineralization occurrences in the Timna Formation, Timna Valley. Israel Geological Survey Report GSI77/86, 131 pp. (in Hebrew, English abstract).Google Scholar
Segev, A. (2000) Synchronous magmatic cycles during the fragmentation of Gondwana: isotopic ages from the Levant and other provinces. Tectonophysics, 325, 257—277.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, P.E, Norman, M., Evensen York, D. & Odin, G.S (1998) Single-grain 40Ar—39.r ages of glaucomes: Implication for the geologic time scale and global sea level variations. Science, 279, 1517—1519.Google Scholar
Środoń, J. (1999) Use of clay minerals in reconstructing geological processes: recent advances and some perspectives. Clay Minerals, 34, 27–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Środoń, J. & Clauer, N. (2001) Diagenetic history of Lower Palaeozoic sediments in Pomerania (northern Poland), traced across the Teisseyre-Tornquist tectonic zone using mixed-layer illite-smectite. Clay Minerals, 36, 15—27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Steinitz, G., Kapusta, Y., Sandler, A. & Kotlarski, P. (1995) Sedimentary K-Ar signatures in clay fractions from Mesozoic marine shelf environments in Israel. Sedimentology, 42, 921—934.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
N., Taitel-Goldman, Heller-Kallai, L. and Sass, E. (1995) Clay minerals and feldspars in argillaceous strata of the Judea Group in the Jerusalem Hills. Israel Journal of Earth Sciences, 44, 71—80. Google Scholar
Velde, B. (1985) Clay Minerals - A Physico-Chemical Explanation of their Occurrence. Developments in Sedimentology No. 40. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 255 pp.Google Scholar
Velde, B. & Renac, C. (1996) Smectite to illite conversion and K-Ar ages. Clay Minerals, 31, 25—32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Warren, J. (2000) Dolomite: occurrence, evolution and economically important associations. Earth-Science Review, 52, 1—81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weaver, C.E and Pollard, L.D (1973) ne Chemistry of Clay Minerals. Developments in Sedimentology No. 15. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 213 pp.Google Scholar
Yans, J., Gillot, P.Y, Lefevre, J.C, Dupuis, C. & Perruchot, A. (2001) Low temperature ferriferous illite: a tool for age determinations? 12th International Clay Conference, Abstract, p. 35.Google Scholar
Zilberman, E. (1977) The geology of the Saad-Nafha lineament, Avedat Plateau. Israel Geological Survey Report MM/6/77, (in Hebrew, English abstract) 70 pp.Google Scholar
Zuther, M., Brockamp, O. & Clauer, N. (2000) Composition and origin of clay minerals in Holocene sediments from the south-eastern North Sea. Sedimentology 47, 119—134.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zuther, M., Brockamp, O. & Clauer, N. (2000) Composition and origin of clay minerals in Holocene sediments from the south-eastern North Sea. Sedimentology 47, 119—134.CrossRefGoogle Scholar