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Effects of the full-scale substitution of strontium for calcium on the microstructure of brushite: (CaxSr1–x)HPO4.nH2O system

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 February 2021

Mazen Alshaaer Open the ORCID record for Mazen Alshaaer [Opens in a new window] ,
Ahmed S. Afify Open the ORCID record for Ahmed S. Afify [Opens in a new window] ,
Moustapha E. Moustapha ,
Nagat Hamad ,
Gehan A. Hammouda  and
Fernando Rocha Open the ORCID record for Fernando Rocha [Opens in a new window]
Mazen Alshaaer*
Affiliation:
Department of Physics, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj11942, Saudi Arabia GeoBioTec Research Center, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193Aveiro, Portugal
Ahmed S. Afify
Affiliation:
Department of Basic Sciences, Higher Institute of Engineering and Automotive and Energy, Technology, New Heliopolis, Cairo, Egypt
Moustapha E. Moustapha
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj11942, Saudi Arabia
Nagat Hamad
Affiliation:
Department of Physics, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj11942, Saudi Arabia Department of Physics and Mathematical Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Monifia University, Shibin el Kom, Egypt
Gehan A. Hammouda
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj11942, Saudi Arabia
Fernando Rocha
Affiliation:
GeoBioTec Research Center, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193Aveiro, Portugal
*
*Email: mazen.alshaaer@yahoo.com
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Abstract

Brushite (CaHPO4.2H2O) is an important calcium phosphate encountered in bone tissue engineering and bone cement formulation. There are many studies on the synthesis and characterization of brushite, but full-scale substitution and replacement of Ca by Sr in brushite as a key element in medical and environmental applications has not yet been explored systematically. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the effects of substitution of Ca by Sr on the microstructural and thermal properties of brushite, including the chemical phases present, crystallization, structural water and phase stability. The chemical phases were determined by means of powder X-ray diffraction. The thermal properties were studied by thermogravimetric analysis. Crystallization and surface morphology were analysed using scanning electron microscopy. Various properties were dependent on the incorporated Sr ions. The replacement percentage of Sr may be divided into two major stages: the first from 0% to 50%; and the second from 50% up to 100%. The (CaxSr1–x)HPO4.nH2O shows that micro-scale crystals of platy brushite formed in the first stage of Sr replacement, from 0% up to 50%. As Sr might inhibit the formation of crystals, crystal nucleation rates were reduced as the Sr percentage increased. An amorphous product formed as a result of 50% Sr replacement. The second stage of Sr replacement with Sr contents >50% yielded a new crystal morphology corresponding mainly to SrHPO4.nH2O. The complete replacement of Ca by Sr transforms the brushite with platy microcrystals into SrHPO4 nanosheets.

Keywords

brushitecrystalslong-term stabilitystrontium hydrogen phosphatethermogravimetric analysis
Type
Article
Information
Clay Minerals , Volume 55 , Issue 4 , December 2020 , pp. 366 - 374
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland

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Footnotes

Associate Editor: Anne-Claire Gaillot

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