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Mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of late Cretaceous bentonite deposits of the Kelkit Valley Region, northern Turkey

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2018

H. Yalçin  and
G. Gümüşer
H. Yalçin*
Affiliation:
Department of Geological Engineering, Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey
G. Gümüşer
Affiliation:
Department of Geological Engineering, Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey
*
*E-mail: yalcin@cumhuriyet.edu.tr
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Abstract

Late Cretaceous bentonitic clays in the Kelkit Valley region of Turkey are composed of an alternation of limestone lenses and silicified tuff nodule-bearing pyroclastic rocks and their alteration products. Quartz, feldspar, biotite, trace amounts of augite together with pumice and volcanic rock fragments comprise the volcanogenic components. Diagenetic minerals are represented by clay, calcite, opal-CT, zeoliteand dolomite. The clay fraction is dominated by smectite and lesser amounts of I-S, illite, chlorite and kaolinite. The d001 basal spacing of dioctahedral smectites ranges from 12.51 to 12.55Å in Na-smectites and 14.97 to 15.52 A˚in Ca-smectites. The CaO/Na2O ratio of smectites ranges from 0.15 to 19.50, and the interlayer Na and Ca contents are 0.22–0.30 in beidellitesand 0.02–0.09 while those in montmorillonites are 0.01–0.13 and 0.03–0.15, respectively. The data obtained indicate that bentonites formed in a marine environment by the alteration of volcanic ash of rhyodacitic/dacitic and intermediate/acidic composition.

Keywords

CretaceousbentoniteTurkeysmectiteillitechloriteI-S
Type
Research Article
Information
Clay Minerals , Volume 35 , Issue 5 , December 2000 , pp. 807 - 825
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 2000

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