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A simple approach to the identification of trioctahedral smectites by X-ray diffraction

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2018

G. E. Christidis  and
E. Koutsopoulou
G. E. Christidis*
Affiliation:
Technical University of Crete, Department of Mineral Resources Engineering, 73100 Chania, Greece
E. Koutsopoulou
Affiliation:
University of Patras, Department of Geology, 26500 Rio, Patras, Greece
*
*E-mail: christid@mred.tuc.gr
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Abstract

A new method for identifying the trioctahedral smectites saponite, stevensite and hectorite is proposed in this study. The method is based on differences in the X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the three smectites after (a) heating at 500°C for 90 min and (b) glycerol solvation of the Cs-forms of the smectites for 20 h. After heating at 500°C, well below the dehydroxylation temperature of the three smectites, saponite and hectorite re-expand upon ethylene glycol (EG) solvation, whereas stevensite layers remain collapsed. Saponite forms one-layer and hectorite two-layer complexes after Cs-saturation and glycerol solvation. Cs-stevensite displays a gradual increase in d001 with increasing solvation time in glycerol vapours and forms two-layer glycerol complexes with prolonged solvation. Except for the individual Mg-smectites, the proposed method may be used to identify compositional heterogeneity that may exist in the smectites. Furthermore, it should be useful in identifying the individual trioctahedral Mg-smectites when present in mixtures, and in detecting interstratified layers of different Mg-trioctahedral smectites. Application of the method revealed that the SYnL-1 laponite (CMS Source Clay Project) is not homogeneous but consists of hectorite, stevensite and possibly mixed-layer hectorite/stevensite layers.

Keywords

saponitestevensitehectoritemixed-layer hectorite/stevensiteXRDidentificationheatingCs-saturationglycerol solvation
Type
Research Article
Information
Clay Minerals , Volume 48 , Issue 5 , December 2013 , pp. 687 - 696
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 2013

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