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Stable isotope geochemistry of clay minerals

“The story of sloppy, sticky, lumpy and tough” Cairns-Smith (1971)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2018

S. M. F. Sheppard  and
H. A. Gilg
S. M. F. Sheppard
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Sciences de la Terre, URA CNRS 726, ENS Lyon
H. A. Gilg
Affiliation:
UCB Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69364 Lyon 07, France
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Abstract

The equilibrium H- and O-isotope fractionations can be approximated by the following equations which are based on experimental, empirical and/or theoretical data:

Hydrogen: 1000 ln αkaolinite-water = −2.2 × 106 × T−2 − 7.7

Oxygen: 1000 ln αkaolinite-water = 2.76 × 106 × T−2 − 6.75

1000 ln αsmectite-water = 2.55 × 106 × T−2 − 4.05

1000 ln αillite-water = 2.39 × 106 × T−2 − 3.76

The equilibrium H-isotope fractionation factors vs. 106 × T−2 for kaolinite and probably smectite and illite are monotonic curves between 350-0°C. More complex curves, with a minimum fractionation near 200°C, are probably influenced by surface effects and/or disequilibrium fractionations among the different hydrogen sites. The H-isotope fractionations between smectite-water increase by ~70‰ from Fe-poor montmorillonite to nontronite at low temperatures. The pore-interlayer water in smectite H-isotope fractionation at low temperatures is ~20±10‰. The presence of organic matter can modify both the δD value of the clay analysis and its ‘water’ content. Clays — kaolinite, illite, smectite and probably halloysite — tend to retain their D/H and 18O/16O ratios unless subjected to more extreme diagenetic or metamorphic conditions or special local processes. Kinetic information is still only qualitative: for comparable grain sizes, hydrogen exchanges more rapidly than oxygen in the absence of recrystallization. Low-temperature diffusion coefficients cannot be calculated with sufficient precision from the higher temperature exchange data. The H- and O-isotope studies of clays can provide useful information about their conditions of formation.

Type
Research Article
Information
Clay Minerals , Volume 31 , Issue 1 , March 1996 , pp. 1 - 24
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 1996

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