Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-lnqnp Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-28T18:48:33.366Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Hydraulic Flow Through Saturated Clays

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

Harold W. Olsen
Harold W. Olsen*
Affiliation:
Soil Engineering Division, Department of Civil Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
*
1Present address, U.S. Geol. Survey, Ground Water Branch, Washington 25, D.C.
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The factors. (1) possible violations of Darcy’s law. (2) electrokinetic coupling. (3) high viscosity. (4) tortuous flow paths, an. (5) unequal pore sizes have been suggested as possible explanations for the differences between hydraulic flow rates in liquid-saturated clays and sands. The effects of these factors on hydraulic flow rates through saturated clays were investigated.

Hydraulic flow rates, electrical conductivities, and streaming potentials were measured on natural, sodium, and calcium samples of kaolinite, illite and Boston blue clay. Data were taken after increments of one-dimensional consolidation and rebound over the pressure range from one-sixteenth to 256 atm.

The influences of electrokinetic coupling on the hydraulic flow rates were calculated from irreversible thermodynamic relationships together with the hydraulic and electrical data. The other factors were studied by examining the extent to which each factor explains the discrepancies between measured flow rates and those predicted from Darcy’s law and the Kozeny-Carman equation.

The results show that. (1) the possible violations of Darcy’s law and electrokinetic coupling are insignificant. (2) high viscosity and/or tortuous flow paths fail completely to account for the discrepancies between measured and predicted flow rates in clays, an. (3) unequal pore sizes can explain all the discrepancies.

Type
Symposium on the Engineering Aspects of the Physico-Chemical Properties of Clays
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals (National Conference on Clays and Clay Minerals) , Volume 9 , February 1960 , pp. 131 - 161
Copyright
Copyright © The Clay Minerals Society 1960

References

Bolt, G. H. (1956) Physical-chemical analysis of the compressibility of pure clay: Geotechnique, v. 6, no. 2, pp. 86–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carman, P. C. (1956) Flow of Gases Through Porous Media: Academic Press, Inc., New York, 182 pp.Google Scholar
de Groot, S. R. (1959) Thermodynamics of Irreversible Processes: North Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam, 242 pp.Google Scholar
Denbigh, K. G. (1951) The Thermodynamics of the Steady State: Methuen, Ltd., London; John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 103 pp.Google Scholar
Elton, G. A. H. (1948) Electroviscosity: Proc. Roy. Soc., v. 194A, pp. 259–287.Google Scholar
Guggenheim, E. A. (1957) Thermodynamics: North Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam, 476 pp.Google Scholar
Hansbo, S. (1960) Consolidation of clay, with special reference to influence of vertical sand drains: Swedish Geotechnical Institute Proceedings, no. 18, pp. 41–61.Google Scholar
Lambe, T. W. (1954) The permeability of fine grained soils: A.S.T.M. Special Publication 163, pp. 56–67.Google Scholar
Lambe, T. W. (1958) The engineering behavior of compacted clay: Proe. Amer. Soc. Civil Eng., v. 84, no. SM 2, 35 pp.Google Scholar
Loudon, A. G. (1952) The computation of permeability from simple soil tests: Geotechnique, v. 3, pp. 165–183.Google Scholar
Low, P. F. (1960) Viscosity of water in clay systems: in Clays and Clay Minerals, Pergamon Press, New York, v. 8, pp. 170–182.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lutz, J. F. and Kemper, W. D. (1959) Intrinsic permeability of clay as affected by clay- water interaction: Soil Sci., v. 88, pp. 83–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Macey, H. H. (1942) Clay en dash water relationships and the internal mechanism of drying: Trans. Brit. Ceram. Soc., v. 41, pp. 73–121.Google Scholar
Michaels, A. S., and Lin, C. S. (1954) The permeability of kaolinite: Ind. Eng. Chem., v. 46, pp. 1239–1246.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Michaels, A. S. (1959) Discussion of physical-chemical properties of soils. Soil water systems: Proc. Amer. Soc. Civil Eng., v. 85, no. SM 2, pp. 91–102.Google Scholar
Mitchell, J. K. (1956) The importance of structure to the engineering behavior of clay: Sc. D. Thesis, M.I.T.Google Scholar
Olsen, H.W. (1961) Hydraulic flow through saturated clays: Sc. D. Thesis, M.I.T.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Quirk;, J. P. (1959) Permeability of porous media: Nature, v. 183, pp. 387–388.Google Scholar
Quirk, J. P., and Schofield, R. K. (1955) The effect of electrolyte concentration on soil permeability: J. Soil Sci., v. 6, pp. 163–178.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Terzaghi, C. (1925) Determination of permeability of clay: Eng. News Record, v. 95, pp. 832–836.Google Scholar
Von Englehardt, W. and Tunn, W. L. M. (1955) The flow of fluids through sandstones: Illinois State Geological Survey Circular 194 (translated by Witherspoon, P. A.).Google Scholar