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Ordered and Disordered Organic Intercalates of 8.4-Å, Synthetically Hydrated Kaolinite

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 April 2024

P. M. Costanzo  and
R. F. Giese Jr.
P. M. Costanzo
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, State University of New York at Buffalo, 4240 Ridge Lea Road, Amherst, New York 14226
R. F. Giese Jr.
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, State University of New York at Buffalo, 4240 Ridge Lea Road, Amherst, New York 14226
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Abstract

Stable, three-dimensionally ordered complexes were formed from synthetically hydrated, highly ordered kaolinite (d(001) = 8.4 Å) and several organic compounds. Removal of the intercalated organic compound by drying or by water washing recovered the 8.4-Å hydrate with its ordered layer stacking essentially unchanged. Some of the complexes were stable for less than a day, whereas others appeared to be stable indefinitely. The compounds that formed ordered complexes were dimethylsulfoxide, formamide, hydrazine-hydrate, 1,1-dimethylhydrazine, ethylene glycol, glycerol, and pyridine. Clay-organic complexes that were prepared from methanol, ethanol, 1- and 2-propanol, acetone, acetic acid, propionic acid, acetaldehyde, N-methylformamide, methylethyl ketone, tetrahydrofuran, and K-acetate were stable only if they were immersed in the intercalating medium and had little or no stacking order.

Many of the organic compounds intercalated by the 8.4-Å hydrate are not known to be intercalated by non-hydrated kaolinite either directly or indirectly. Isolated water molecules appear to be keyed into the ditrigonal holes formed by the basal oxygen of the silicate tetrahedra of the 8.4-Å hydrate. These water molecules, referred to as “hole water,” and fluorine ions that had replaced ~20% of the inner-surface hydroxyls of the 8.4-Å phase sufficiently altered the interlayer bonding to allow an expansion of the inner-layer spaces by a variety of guest molecules. The presence of these guest molecules between the clay layers not only changed the basal spacing and perturbed the infrared (IR) bands arising from the inner-surface hydroxyls, it also shifted the position of the IR band arising from the inner hydroxyl.

Keywords

DimethylsulfoxideFormamideHydrateInfrared spectroscopyIntercalateKaoliniteN-methylformamideOrdering

Information

Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 38 , Issue 2 , April 1990 , pp. 160 - 170
Copyright
Copyright © 1990, The Clay Minerals Society

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