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Baseline Studies of the Clay Minerals Society Source Clay Montmorillonite STx-1b

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

Elena Castellini ,
Daniele Malferrari ,
Fabrizio Bernini ,
Maria Franca Brigatti ,
German Rafael Castro ,
Luca Medici ,
Adele Mucci  and
Marco Borsari
Elena Castellini
Affiliation:
Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, I-41125, Modena, Italy
Daniele Malferrari*
Affiliation:
Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, I-41125, Modena, Italy
Fabrizio Bernini
Affiliation:
Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, I-41125, Modena, Italy
Maria Franca Brigatti
Affiliation:
Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, I-41125, Modena, Italy
German Rafael Castro
Affiliation:
SpLine, Spanish CRG BM25 Beamline at the ESRF, 6 Jules Horowitz, F-38043, Grenoble, France Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), CSIC, Sor Juan Inés de la Cruz 3, E-28049, Madrid, Spain
Luca Medici
Affiliation:
Institute of Methodologies for Environmental Analysis, National Research Council of Italy, C. da S. Loja-Zona Industriale, I-85050, Tito Scalo, (Potenza), Italy
Adele Mucci
Affiliation:
Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, I-41125, Modena, Italy
Marco Borsari
Affiliation:
Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, I-41125, Modena, Italy
*
*E-mail address of corresponding author: daniele.malferrari@unimore.it
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Abstract

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For more than forty years, The Clay Minerals Society has dispensed a set of source clays which have enabled a large number of researchers to work on similar materials. Many of these source clays remained unchanged over the years but, conversely, other clays have gone out of stock and thus were replaced. This was the fate of montmorillonite STx-1a, which was replaced by STx-1b. Although STx-1a and STx-1b share many basic chemical and mineralogical features, some minor differences exist that can affect behavior. A baseline characterization of the source clay STx-1b, which was the objective of this study, was, therefore, necessary to provide researchers a tool useful not only for new investigation but also to compare new results obtained on STx-1b with literature data on STx-1a. This characterization was gained using traditional and advanced methods that included: 1) chemical composition (major and trace elements); 2) cation exchange capacity determination; 3) thermal analyses coupled with evolved gas mass spectrometry; 4) quantitative mineralogical characterization using powder X-ray diffraction and Rietveld- RIR (Reference Intensity Ratio) refinement; 5) X-ray absorption spectroscopy at the Fe K-edge; 6) diffuse reflectance ultraviolet-visible and infrared spectroscopies; and 7) 29Si, 27Al, and 1H magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance measurements. According to this multi-analytical approach, the chemical formula for STx-1b is [4](Si7.753Al0.247) [6](Al3.281Mg0.558Fe0.136Ti0.024Mn0.002) [12](Ca0.341Na0.039 K0.061)O20(OH)4.

Keywords

BentoniteMontmorilloniteSTx-1bSmectiteSource Clay2:1 Clay Mineral
Type
Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 65 , Issue 4 , August 2017 , pp. 220 - 233
Copyright
Copyright © Clay Minerals Society 2017

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