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Brazilian Red Latosol a Typic Soil as an Exchanger: A Thermodynamic Study Involving Cu, Zn, Cd, Hg, Pb, Ca And Na

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2024

Claudio Airoldi  and
Silvana A. M. Critter
Claudio Airoldi
Affiliation:
Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Caixa Postal 6154, 13083-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil
Silvana A. M. Critter
Affiliation:
Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Caixa Postal 6154, 13083-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil
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Abstract

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The thermodynamic cationic exchange process involving divalent (Cu, Zn, Cd, Hg, Pb and Ca) and monovalent (Na) cations in Brazilian red Latosol soil was studied. Using a batchwise method, the exchange was monitored as a function of the added cation concentration and the aqueous suspension of the soil at different temperatures. The isotherm series obtained were adjusted to a modified Langmuir equation, whose results were compared with the proposed Rawat method. The cationic exchange equilibria constants (ln K) vary from 1.97 to 9.80 for the Langmuir equation and 7.06 to 13.50 for the Rawat method. The variation in enthalpies obtained by applying the van't Hoff equation gave, for Langmuir and Rawat procedures, exothermic values for Cu (65.5 and 97.3), Cd (36.9 and 45.6) and Pb (43.0 and 50.7) kJ mol−1, and endothermic values for Zn (40.8 and 30.5), Hg (15.0 and 11.3), Ca (30.4 and 40.0) and Na (32.7 and 42.3) kJ moL−1. The exchanges proceed spontaneously, as indicated by the free energy values: Cu (14.2 and 27.2), Zn (21.6 and 32.0), Cd (16.1 and 23.2), Hg (13.8 and 22.9), Pb (22.6 and 28.3), Ca (17.0 and 25.9) and Na (9.9 and 19.3) kJ mol−1 at 323 K. These results suggest that the interaction occurs by complex formation between the organic matter of the soil matrix and the cations dispersed in aqueous solution.

Keywords

AdsorptionIonic ExchangeIsothermLangmuir MethodRed Latosol Soil
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 45 , Issue 2 , April 1997 , pp. 125 - 131
Copyright
Copyright © 1997, The Clay Minerals Society

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