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Cation Exchange Capacity of Kaolinite

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2024

Chi Ma  and
Richard A. Eggleton
Chi Ma*
Affiliation:
Cooperative Research Center for Landscape Evolution and Mineral Exploration, Department of Geology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
Richard A. Eggleton
Affiliation:
Cooperative Research Center for Landscape Evolution and Mineral Exploration, Department of Geology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
*
†Present address: Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
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Abstract

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Experimental cation exchange capacities (CEC) of kaolinites were determined and compared to theoretical calculations of CEC. The comparison reveals that the exchangeable cations occur mostly on the edges and on the basal (OH) surfaces of the mineral. It also shows that permanent negative charge from isomorphous substitution of Al3+ for Si4+ is insignificant. The CEC of kaolinite strongly depends on the particle size (both thickness and diameter in the (00l plane) and pH value. Particle size is more important than crystallinity in affecting kaolinite CEC. This study shows that the hydroxyls on the exposed basal surfaces may be ionizable in aqueous solutions. The amount of negative charge on the edges and the exposed basal hydroxyls depends on pH and other ion concentrations. A higher pH value gives rise to more negative charges, which lead to a higher CEC value. This study indicates that charge from broken edges and exposed OH planes rather than charge from Al/Si substitution determines the kaolinite CEC, even at zero point charge. A high CEC in some kaolinites is found to be due to smectite layers on the surface of the kaolinite crystals.

Keywords

Cation Exchange CapacityEdgesExposed (OH) PlanesKaoliniteSubstitutionSurface Charge
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 47 , Issue 2 , April 1999 , pp. 174 - 180
Copyright
Copyright © 1999, The Clay Minerals Society

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