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Clay-Sized Minerals in Permafrost-Affected Soils (Cryosols) From King George Island, Antarctica

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

Felipe N. B. Simas ,
Carlos Ernesto G. R. Schaefer ,
Vander F. Melo ,
Marcelo B. B. Guerra ,
Martin Saunders  and
Robert J. Gilkes
Felipe N. B. Simas*
Affiliation:
Mestrado em Meio Ambiente e Sustentabilidade, UNEC - Centro Universitário de Caratinga, Av. Moacyr de Mattos, Centro, Caratinga, 35300-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Carlos Ernesto G. R. Schaefer
Affiliation:
Departamento de Solos, — Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. PH Rolfs s/n, Viçosa, 36570-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Vander F. Melo
Affiliation:
Departamento de Solos e Engenharia Agrícola, — Universidade Federal do Paraná, Rua dos Funcionários, 1540 - Juvevê, 80035-070 — Curitiba — Paraná, Brazil
Marcelo B. B. Guerra
Affiliation:
Departamento de Solos, — Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. PH Rolfs s/n, Viçosa, 36570-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Martin Saunders
Affiliation:
Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis — The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
Robert J. Gilkes
Affiliation:
School of Earth and Geographical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
*
*E-mail address of corresponding author: fsimass@yahoo.com.br
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Abstract

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Cryosols from Maritime Antarctica have been less studied than soils from continental areas of Antarctica. In this work X-ray diffraction, difference X-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis, thermogravimetry, transmission electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy and selective chemical dissolution were used to characterize the clay fraction of basaltic, acid sulfate and ornithogenic Cryosols from ice-free areas of Admiralty Bay, King George Island. Non-crystalline phases are important soil components and reach >75% of the clay fraction for some ornithogenic soils. Randomly interstratified smectite-hydroxy-Al-interlayered smectite is the main clay mineral of basaltic soils. Kaolinite, chlorite and regularly interstratified illite-smectite predominate in acid sulfate soils. Jarosite is also an important component of the clay fraction in these soils. Crystalline Al and Fe phosphates occur in the clay at sites directly affected by penguin activity and the chemical characteristics of these ornithogenic sites are controlled by highly reactive, non-crystalline Al, Si, Fe and P phases. Chemical weathering is an active process in Cryosols in Maritime Antarctica and is enhanced by the presence of sulfides for some parent materials, and faunal activity.

Keywords

AllophaneClay MineralsCryosolsMaritime AntarcticaOrnithogenesisPhosphateSoilsX-ray Amorphous Phases
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 54 , Issue 6 , December 2006 , pp. 721 - 736
Copyright
Copyright © 2006, The Clay Minerals Society

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