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Determination of Noncrystalline Soil Components by Weight Difference after Selective Dissolution

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 July 2024

Steven C. Hodges  and
L. W. Zelazny
Steven C. Hodges
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061
L. W. Zelazny
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061
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Abstract

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A procedure based on loss of weight after selective dissolution analysis (SDA) and washing with (NH4)2CO3 was developed for estimating the noncrystalline material content of soils derived from widely different parent materials. After extracting with 0.2 N ammonium-oxalate or boiling 0.5 N NaOH solutions, samples were washed with 1 N (NH4)2CO3 to remove excess dissolution agents and to prevent sample dispersion. The amount of noncrystalline material removed from the sample by the extracting solution was estimated by weighing the leached products dried to constant weight at 110°C. The results match closely with those obtained by chemical analyses of the dissolution product and assignment of the appropriate water. The proposed weight-loss method is less time-consuming than the chemical method, and no assumptions need be made concerning sample homogeneity or water content of the noncrystalline material.

Extractions of whole soil and dispersed clay fractions indicated that noncrystalline material determinations on the clay fractions underestimated the noncrystalline material content for whole soils from 0 to 34%. Acid ammonium oxalate was found to be a much more selective extractant for noncrystalline materials than NaOH.

Резюме

Резюме

Была разработана процедура для оценки содержания некристаллического материала почв, переотложенного из самых разнообразных материнских источников. Процедура основана на потере веса после применения анализа селективного растворения (АСР) и промывания (NH4)2CO3. После экстрагирования с помощью 0,2 N щавелевокислого аммония или кипящего 0,5 N раствора NaОН образцы промывались 1 N (NH4)2CO3, чтобы удалить излишки растворителей и предотвратить разрушение образцов. Количество некристаллического материала, выделенного из образца экстрагирующим раствором, определялось взвешиванием выщелоченных продуктов после их высушивания до постоянного веса при 110°С. Результаты хорошо согласуются с результатами, полученными с помощью химических анализов продукта растворения и использования соответствующей воды. Предложенный метод потери веса требует меньше времени, чем химический метод, и не требуется никаких предположений об однородности образцов или насыщенности водой некристаллических материалов.

Экстракции всей почвы и рассеянных глинистых частиц указывают, что определения некристаллического материала на глинистых частицах приводят к недооценке содержания некристаллического материала для всей почвы от 0 до 34%. Кислота щавелевокислого аммония оказалась гораздо более селективным экстрагентом для некристаллических материалов, чем NaОН. [N. R.]

Resümee

Resümee

Es wurde eine Untersuchungsmethode entwickelt, die auf dem Gewichtsverlust beruht, der nach selektiver Auflösung und Waschen mit (NH4)2CO3 auftritt. Mit dieser Methode wird der Gehalt an nichtkristallinem Material in Böden bestimmt, das von sehr unterschiedlichem Ausgangsmaterial stammt. Nach der Extraktion mit 0,2 N Ammoniumoxalatlösung oder dem Kochen mit 0,5 N NaOH wurden die Proben mit 1 N (NH4)2CO3 gewaschen, um überschüssiges Lösungsmittel zu entfernen und die Dispersion der Probe zu verhindern. Die Menge des aus der Probe durch Extraktion entfernten nichtkristallinen Materials wurde durch Wäugen der bei 110°C konstant getrockneten Auslaugungsprodukte bestimmt. Das Ergebnis kommt nahe an das Ergebnis heran, das bei der chemischen Analyse des Lösungsproduktes unter Berücksichtigung der entsprechenden Wassermenge erhalten wurde. Die vorgeschlagene Gewichtsverlust-Methode erfordert weniger Zeit als die chemische Methode. Außerdem müssen keine Annahmen bezüglich der Probenhomogenität oder des Wassergehaltes des nichtkristallinen Materials gemacht werden.

Die Extraktion des Gesamtbodens und dispergierter Tonfraktionen deutet darauf hin, daß die Bestimmung des nichtkristallinen Materials in den Tonfraktionen den Gehalt an nichtkristallinem Material in den Gesamtböden um bis zu 34% zu klein erscheinen läßt. Es zeigt sich, daß saures Ammoniumoxalat ein viel selektiveres Extraktionsmittel für nichtkristallines Material ist als NaOH. [U. W.]

Résumé

Résumé

Une procédure basée sur la perte de poids après une analyse de dissolution sélective (SDA) et un lavage au (NH4)2CO3 a été développée pour estimer le contenu de matériel non-cristallin de sols dérivés de mantériaux parents très différents. Après extraction à l'ammonium oxalate 0,2 N ou par des solutions de 0,5 N NaOH bouillantes, les échantillons ont été lavés avec du 1 N (NH4)2CO3 pour enlever les agents de dissolution en excès et pour prévenir la dispersion de l’échantillon. La quantité de matériel non-cristallin retiré de l’échantillon par la solution extrayante a été estimée en pesant les produits lessivés, sechés à 110°C à un poids constant. Les résultats sont très proches de ceux obtenus par analyses chimiques du produit de dissolution et l'attribution de l'eau appropriée. La méthode de perte de poids proposée prend moins de temps que la méthode chimique, et on ne dot rien assumer concernant l'homogénéité de l’échantillon ou le contenu en eau du matériel non-cristallin.

Des extractions de fractions de sol entier et d'argile dispersée ont indiqué que les déterminations de matériel non-cristallin sur les fractions d'argile sous-estimaient le contenu de matériel non-cristallin pour les sols entiers de 0 à 34%. L'acide d'ammonium oxalate s'est montré être un extrayant beaucoup plus sélectif pour les matériaux non-cristallins que NaOH. [D. J.]

Keywords

AllophaneNoncrystallineQuantificationSelective dissolutionSoilWeight loss
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 28 , Issue 1 , February 1980 , pp. 35 - 42
Copyright
Copyright © Clay Minerals Society 1980

Footnotes

1

The term noncrystalline as used in this paper follows the recommendation of Wada (1977) in describing materials having only local and nonrepetitive structure and includes para-crystalline materials (having one-dimensional structural units) such as imogolite.

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