Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gxg78 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T06:04:56.715Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Diagenetic reorientation of phyllosilicate minerals in Paleogene mudstones of the Podhale Basin, southern Poland

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

Ruarri J. Day-Stirrat ,
Andrew C. Aplin ,
Jan Środoń  and
Ben A. van der Pluijm
Ruarri J. Day-Stirrat*
Affiliation:
School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Drummond Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
Andrew C. Aplin*
Affiliation:
School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Drummond Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
Jan Środoń
Affiliation:
Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, Senacka 1, 31-002, Kraków, Poland
Ben A. van der Pluijm
Affiliation:
Department of Geological Sciences, University of Michigan, C.C. Little Building, 425 E. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1063, USA
*
4Present address: Bureau of Economic Geology, John A. and Katherine G. Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, University Station, Box X, Austin, TX 78713-1534, USA
* E-mail address of corresponding author: a.c.aplin@ncl.ac.uk
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

We used high-resolution X-ray texture goniometry to quantify changes in the mm-scale orientation of phyllosilicate minerals in a suite of Paleogene mudstones from the Podhale Basin in southern Poland. The sample set covers an estimated range of burial depths between 2.4 and 7.0 km, corresponding to a temperature range of 60–160°C. Although mechanical compaction has reduced porosities to ∼10% in the shallowest samples, the phyllosilicate fabric is only modestly aligned. Coarser-grained (>10 µm) detrital chlorite and mica appear to be more strongly aligned with (001) parallel to bedding, suggesting their deposition as single grains rather than as isotropic flocs or aggregates. From 2.4 to 4.6 km, R0 illite-smectite with 40–50% illite layers changes to R1 illite-smectite with 70–80%) illite layers. At the same time kaolinite is lost and diagenetic chlorite is formed. The mineralogical changes are accompanied by a strong increase in the alignment of illite-smectite, chlorite, and detrital illite, parallel to bedding and normal to the presumed principal effective stress. We propose that the development of a more aligned I-S fabric results from the dissolution of smectite and the growth of illite with (001) normal to the maximum effective stress. Water released by illitization may act as a lubricant for the rotation of all platy minerals into nanoporosity transiently formed by the illitization reaction. At greater depths and temperatures, further illitization is inhibited through the exhaustion of K-feldspar. After the cessation of illitization, a further 2.4 km of burial only results in a small increase in phyllosilicate alignment. At such small values for porosity and pore size, increasing stress does not substantially reorient phyllosilicates in the absence of mineralogical change.

Keywords

DiagenesisFabricMudstonePhyllosilicateShaleTextural Goniometry
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 56 , Issue 1 , February 2008 , pp. 100 - 111
Copyright
Copyright © 2008, The Clay Minerals Society

References

Anczkiewicz, A., 2006 Verification by AFT technique of the maximum paleotemperatures evaluated from illite-smectite for the Tatra Mts., the Podhale Basin, and the neighboring area of the Outer Carpathians Krakow Institute of Geological Sciences PAN (in Polish).Google Scholar
Aplin, A.C. Matenaar, I.F. McCarty, D. and van der Pluijm, B.A., 2006 Influence of mechanical compaction and clay mineral diagenesis on the microfabric and pore-scale properties of deep water Gulf of Mexico mudstones Clays and Clay Minerals 54 501–515 10.1346/CCMN.2006.0540411.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bennett, R.H. O’Brien, N.R. Hulbert, H., Bennett, R.H. Bryant, W.R. and Hulbert, M.H., 1991 Determinants of clay and shale microfabric signatures: Processes and mechanisms Micro structure of Fine-Grained Sediments Berlin Springer Verlag 5–33 10.1007/978-1-4612-4428-8_2.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boles, J.R. and Franks, S.G., 1979 Clay diagenesis in Wilcox Sandstones of southwest Texas Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 49 55–70.Google Scholar
Borst, R.L., 1982 Some effects of compaction and geological time on the pore parameters of argillaceous rocks Sedimentology 29 291–298 10.1111/j.1365-3091.1982.tb01726.x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bowles, F.A. Bryant, W.R. and Wallin, C., 1969 Microstructure of unconsolidated and consolidated marine sediments Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 39 1546–1551.Google Scholar
British Standards 733, part 2, 1987 Pyknometers. Part 2. Methods for calibration and use of Pyknometers London British Standard Institution.Google Scholar
Charpentier, D. Worden, R.H. Dillon, C.G. and Aplin, A.C., 2003 Fabric development and the smectite to illite transition in Gulf of Mexico mudstones: an image analysis approach Journal of Geochemical Exploration 78–79 459–463 10.1016/S0375-6742(03)00073-6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Colten, V.A., 1985 Experimental determination of smectite hydration states under simulated diagenetic conditions Urbana, Illinois, USA University of Illinois 144 pp.Google Scholar
Curtis, C.D. Lipshie, S.R. Oertel, G. and Pearson, M.J., 1980 Clay orientation in some Upper Carboniferous mudrocks, its relationship to quartz content and some inferences about fissility, porosity and compactional history Sedimentology 27 333–339 10.1111/j.1365-3091.1980.tb01183.x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Delage, P. and Lefebvre, G., 1984 Study of a sensitive Champlain Clay and its evolution during consolidation Canadian Geotechnical Journal 21 21–35 10.1139/t84-003.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hedberg, H.D., 1936 Gravitational compaction of clays and shales American Journal of Sciences 31 241–287.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ho, N.C. Peacor, D.R. and van der Pluijm, B.A., 1995 Reorientation of phyllosilicates in the mudstone-to-slate transition at Lehigh Gap, Pennsylvania Journal of Structural Geology 17 345–356 10.1016/0191-8141(94)00065-8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ho, N.C. Peacor, D.R. and van der Pluijm, B.A., 1999 Preferred orientation of phyllosilicates in Gulf Coast mudstones and relation to the smectite-illite transition Clays and Clay Minerals 47 495–504 10.1346/CCMN.1999.0470412.Google Scholar
Ho, N.C. van der Pluijm, B.A. and Peacor, D.R., 2001 Static recrystallization and preferred orientation of phyllosilicates: Michigamme Formation, northern Michigan, USA Journal of Structural Geology 23 887–893 10.1016/S0191-8141(00)00162-0.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hower, J. Eslinger, E.V. Hower, M.E. and Perry, E.A., 1976 Mechanism of burial metamorphism of argillaceous sediment. 1. Mineralogical and chemical evidence Geological Society of America Bulletin 87 725–737 10.1130/0016-7606(1976)87<725:MOBMOA>2.0.CO;2.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jacob, G. Kisch, H.J. and van der Pluijm, B.A., 2000 The relationship of phyllosilicate orientation, X-ray diffraction intensity ratios, and c/b fissility ratios in metasedimentary rocks of the Helvetic zone of the Swiss Alps and the Caledonides of Jamtland, central western Sweden Journal of Structural Geology 22 245–258 10.1016/S0191-8141(99)00149-2.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Katsube, T.J. and Williamson, M.A., 1994 Effects of diagenesis on shale nano-pore structure and implications for sealing capacity Clay Minerals 29 451–461 10.1180/claymin.1994.029.4.05.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kotarba, M., 2003 Diagenetic history of illite/smectite in clay rocks of Western Carpathians (Krakow-Zakopane transect) Krakow Institute of Geological Sciences PAN (in Polish) 198 pp.Google Scholar
Kranck, K. and Milligan, T.G., 1985 Origin of grain-size spectra of suspension deposited sediment Geo-Marine Letters 5 61–66 10.1007/BF02629800.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kranck, K. Smith, P.C. and Milligan, T.G., 1996 Grain-size characteristics of fine-grained unflocculated sediments. 1. ‘One-round’ distributions Sedimentology 43 589–596 10.1046/j.1365-3091.1996.d01-27.x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O’Brien, N.R. and Slatt, R.M., 1990 Argillaceous Rock Atlas 10.1007/978-1-4612-3422-7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oertel, G. and Curtis, C.D., 1972 Clay-ironstone concretion preserving fabrics due to progressive compaction Geological Society of America Bulletin 83 2597–2606 10.1130/0016-7606(1972)83[2597:CCPFDT]2.0.CO;2.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olszewska, B.W. and Wieczorek, J., 1998 The Paleogene of the Podhale Basin (Polish Inner Carpathians) — micropaleontological perspective Przeąglad Geologiczny 46 721–728 (in Polish).Google Scholar
Poprawa, P. and Marynowski, L., 2005 Thermal history of the Podhale Trough (northern part of the Central Carpathian Paleogene Basin) — preliminary results from 1-D maturity modeling Mineralogical Society of Poland — Special Papers 25 352–355.Google Scholar
Radke, M. Welte, D.H. and Bjøroy, M., 1981 The Methylphenanthrene Index (MPI): A maturity parameter based on aromatic hydrocarbons Advances in Organic Geochemistry 1981 New York J. Wiley 504–512.Google Scholar
Schlömer, S. and Krooss, B.M., 1997 Experimental characterisation of the hydrocarbon sealing efficiency of cap rocks Marine and Petroleum Geology 14 565–580 10.1016/S0264-8172(97)00022-6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Środoń, J. Morgan, D.J. Eslinger, E.V. Eberl, D.D. and Karlinger, M.R., 1986 Chemistry of illite/smectite and end-member illite Clays and Clay Minerals 34 368–378 10.1346/CCMN.1986.0340403.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Środoń, J. Drits, V.A. McCarty, D.K. Hsieh, J.C.C. and Eberl, D.D., 2001 Quantitative X-ray diffraction analysis of clay-bearing rocks from random preparations Clays and Clay Minerals 49 514–528 10.1346/CCMN.2001.0490604.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Środoń, J. Kotarba, M. Biroň, A. Such, P. Clauer, N. and Wójtowicz, A., 2006 Diagenetic history of the Podhale-Orava Basin and the underlying Tatra sedimentary structural units (Western Carpathians): evidence from XRD and K-Ar of illite-smectite Clay Minerals 41 751–774 10.1180/0009855064130217.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tari, G. Báldi, T. and Báldi-Beke, M., 1993 Paleogene retroarc flexural basin beneath the Neogene Pannonian Basin: a geodynamic model Tectonophysics 226 433–455 10.1016/0040-1951(93)90131-3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van der Pluijm, B.A. Ho, N.-C. and Peacor, D.R., 1994 High-resolution X-ray texture goniometry Journal of Structural Geology 16 1029–1032 10.1016/0191-8141(94)90084-1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vasseur, G. Djeran-Maigre, I. Grunberger, D. Rousset, G. Tessier, D. and Velde, B., 1995 Evolution of structural and physical parameters of clays during experimental compaction Marine and Petroleum Geology 12 941–954 10.1016/0264-8172(95)98857-2.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wenk, H.-R. and Wenk, H.-R., 1985 Measurement of pole figures Preferred orientation in deformed metals and rocks: An introduction to modern texture analysis London Academic Press 11–48 10.1016/B978-0-12-744020-0.50007-9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wieczorek, J., 1989 Model Hecho dla fliszu podhalańskiego? Przeglad Geologiczny 37 419–423.Google Scholar
Worden, R.H. Charpentier, D. Fisher, Q.J. Aplin, A.C. and Shaw, R.P., 2005 Fabric development and the smectite to illite transition in Upper Cretaceous mudstones from the North Sea: an image analysis approach Understanding the Micro to Macro Behaviour of Rock-Fluid Systems London Geological Society 103–114.Google Scholar
Yang, Y.L. and Aplin, A.C., 1998 Influence of lithology and compaction on the pore size distribution and modelled permeability of some mudstones from the Norwegian Margin Marine and Petroleum Geology 15 163–175 10.1016/S0264-8172(98)00008-7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yang, Y.L. and Aplin, A.C., 2004 Definition and practical application of mudstone porosity-effective stress relationships Petroleum Geoscience 12 153–162 10.1144/1354-079302-567.CrossRefGoogle Scholar