Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-mlc7c Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T07:27:02.912Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Differentiation of Pleistocene Deposits in Northeastern Kansas by Clay Minerals

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 July 2024

Pei-Lin Tien
Pei-Lin Tien*
Affiliation:
Kansas Geological Survey, Lawrence, Kansas, U.S.A.
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Seventy-four samples from eight stratigraphic sections of lower Pleistocene glacial and glaciofluvial deposits in Doniphan County, extreme northeastern Kansas, were analyzed using X-ray diffraction techniques. Clay-mineral) assemblages of the <2 μ fraction of these deposits are nearly identical, consisting of a mixed-layer clay mineral associated with minor amounts of kaolinite and illite.

An attempt was made to differentiate units of till and nontill deposits by using the relative intensities of 001 reflections of “mixed-layer mineral,” kaolinite, and illite. At least two tills were recognizable. Associated nontill deposits, could not be differentiated from one another, although the nontills are easily distinguished from tills.

Résumé

Résumé

Soixante-quatorze prélèvements de huit sections stratigraphiques de dépôts glaciaires et fluvio-glaciaires effectués à Doniphan County, dans l’extrême nord-est du Kansas, ont été analysés selon des techniques utilisant la diffraction des rayons X. Des assemblages de minéraux argileux de la fraction <2 μ de ces dépôts sont presque identiques, et consistent en un minéral argileux interstratifie associé à de petites quantités de kaolinite et d’illite.

Un essai a été effectué pour différencier les dépôts argileux et non argileux en utilisant les intensités relatives de réflections 001 du “Mineral interstratifie”, kaolinite et illite. Au moins deux argiles étaient reconnaissables. Il était impossible de différencier entre eux les dépôts associés non argileux, bien que ceux-ci se distingaient facilement des dépôts argileux.

Kurzreferat

Kurzreferat

Vierundsiebzig Proben aus acht stratigraphischen Abschnitten von Moränen- und Moränenflussablagerungen aus dem Unteren Pleistozän im Doniphan Kreis im nordöstlichen Kansas wurden unter Anwendung des Röntgenbeugungsmethoden analysiert. Der Aufbau der Tonminerale in den <2 μ Brüchen dieser Ablagerungen ist beinahe identisch und besteht aus einem Mischschicht-Tonmineral in Verbindung mit kleineren Mengen von Kaolinit und Illit.

Es wurde versucht, zwischen Geschiebelehm und Nicht-Geschiebelehm zu unterscheiden, indem die relativen Stärken der 001 Reflexionen des “Mischschicht Minerals” Kaolinit und Illit verwendet wurden. Zum mindesten zwei Geschiebelehme wurden beobachtet. Die damit verbundenen Nicht-Geschiebelehme konnten nicht voneinander unterschieden werden, während jedoch die Nicht-Geschiebelehme sehr leicht von der Geschiebelehmen zu unterscheiden sind.

Резюме

Резюме

Семьдесят четыре образца из восьми стратиграфических разрезов нижних плей-стоценовых ледниковых и флювиогляциальных отложений в графстве донифан, на крайнем северо-востоке штата Канзас, были подвергнуты анализу пользуясь методами рентгеновской дифракции. Ассоциации глинистых минералов фракции 2μ этих отложений почти что идентичны и состоят из смещаннослойного глинистого минерала, ассоциированного с небо-льшими количествами каолинита и иллита.

Предпринимались пробы для различения ледниковых и неледниковых отложений, пользуясь относительной интенсивностью 001 отражений ‘смещаннослойного минерала" каолинита и иллита. Различено по крайней мере две валунные глины. Ассоциированные неледниковые отложения нельзя было отличить друг от друга, хотя ледниковые наносы легко отличаются от неледниковых.

Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 16 , Issue 1 , June 1968 , pp. 99 - 107
Copyright
Copyright © 1968, The Clay Minerals Society

Footnotes

*

Publication authorized by Director, Kansas Geological Survey.

References

Dort, W. Jr. (1965) Nearby and distant origins of glacier ice entering Kansas: Am. J. Sci. 203, 598–605.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Droste, J. V. (1956) Alteration of clay minerals by weathering in Wisconsin-tills: Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 67, 911–918.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Droste, J. V. and Thann, J. C. (1958) Alteration of clay minerals in Illinoian till by weathering: Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 69, 61–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fanning, D. S. and Jackson, M. L. (1966) Clay mineral weathering in southern Wisconsin soils developed in loess and in shale-derived till: Proc. 13th Conf Clays and Clay Minerals. Pergamon Press, New York, 175–191.Google Scholar
Frye, J. C. (1946) Review of studies of Pleistocene deposits in Kansas: Am. J. Sci. 244, 403–416.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frye, J. C. and Leonard, A. B. (1949) Pleistocene strati-graphic sequence in northeastern Kansas: Am. J. Sci. 247, 883–889.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frye, J. C. and Leonard, A. B. (1952) Pleistocene geology of Kansas: Kansas Geol. Survey Bull. 99, 230 pp.Google Scholar
Frye, J. C., Glass, H. D. and Willman, H. B. (1962) Stratigraphy and mineralogy of the Wisconsinan loesses of Illinois: Illinois State Geol. Survey Circ. 334, 55 pp.Google Scholar
Frye, J. C., Willman, H. V. and Glass, H. D. (1960) Gumbotil, accretion-gley, and the weathering profile: Illinois State Geol. Survey Circ. 295, 39 pp.Google Scholar
Harrison, W. (1959) Petrographic similarity of Wisconsin tills in Marion County, Indiana: Indiana Geol. Survey Rept. Progress 14, 39 pp.Google Scholar
Harrison, W. (1960) Original bedrock composition of Wisconsin till in central Indiana: J. Sed. Pet. 30, 432–446.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, W. H. (1964) Stratigraphy and petrography of Illinoian and Kansan drift in central Illinois: Illinois State Geol. Survey Circ. 378, 38 pp.Google Scholar
Kempton, J. P. (1963) Subsurface stratigraphy of the Pleistocene deposits of central northern Illinois: Illinois State Geol. Survey Circ. 356, 43 pp.Google Scholar
Kodarna, H. and Brydon, J. E. (1966) Interstratified montmorillonite-mica clays from subsoils of the prairie provinces, western Canada: Proc. 13th Conf Clays and Clay Minerals. Pergamon Press, New York, 151–173.Google Scholar
Reed, E. C. and Dreeszen, V. H. (1965) Revision of the classification of the Pleistocene deposits of Nebraska: Nebraska Geol. Survey Bull. 23, 65 pp.Google Scholar
Ruotsala, A. P., Koons, G. J. and Nordeng, S. S. (1966) Clay minerals in glacial deposits, Houghton, Baraga, and Ontonogan Counties, Michigan (abs.): Am. Mineralogist 51, 1563.Google Scholar
Schoewe, W. H. (1930) Evidence for a relocation of the drift border in eastern Kansas: Jour. Geol. 38, 67–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schoewe, W. H. (1939) Evidences for the relocation of west drift border in eastern Kansas (abs.): Kansas Acad. Sci. Trans. 42, 367.Google Scholar
Willman, H. V., Glass, H. D. and Frye, J. C. (1963) Mineralogy of glacial tills and their weathering profiles in Illinois, Part I, Glacial tills: Illinois State Geol. Survey Circ. 347, 55 pp.Google Scholar
Willman, H. V., Glass, H. D. and Frye, J. C. (1966) Mineralogy of glacial tills and their weathering profiles in Illinois, Part II, Weathering profiles: Illinois State Geol. Survey Circ. 400, 76 pp.Google Scholar