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Formation and transformation of mixed-layer minerals by tertiary intrusives in cretaceous mudstones, West Greenland

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

Victor A. Drits ,
Holger Lindgreen ,
Boris A. Sakharov ,
Hans Jørgen Jakobsen ,
Anthony E. Fallick ,
Alfred L. Salyn ,
Lidia G. Dainyak ,
Bella B. Zviagina  and
Dan N. Barfod
Victor A. Drits
Affiliation:
Geological Institute, Russian Academy of Science, Pyzhevsky per D7, 119017 Moscow, Russia
Holger Lindgreen*
Affiliation:
Clay Mineralogical Laboratory, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark
Boris A. Sakharov
Affiliation:
Geological Institute, Russian Academy of Science, Pyzhevsky per D7, 119017 Moscow, Russia
Hans Jørgen Jakobsen
Affiliation:
Instrument Centre for Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy, Department of Chemistry, University of Aarhus, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
Anthony E. Fallick
Affiliation:
Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre, Rankine Avenue, East Kilbride, Glasgow G75 0QF, UK
Alfred L. Salyn
Affiliation:
Geological Institute, Russian Academy of Science, Pyzhevsky per D7, 119017 Moscow, Russia
Lidia G. Dainyak
Affiliation:
Geological Institute, Russian Academy of Science, Pyzhevsky per D7, 119017 Moscow, Russia
Bella B. Zviagina
Affiliation:
Geological Institute, Russian Academy of Science, Pyzhevsky per D7, 119017 Moscow, Russia
Dan N. Barfod
Affiliation:
Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre, Rankine Avenue, East Kilbride, Glasgow G75 0QF, UK
*
*E-mail address of corresponding author: hl@geus.dk
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Abstract

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In the Nuussuaq Basin, West Greenland, a thick succession of Tertiary dolerites has penetrated Upper Cretaceous mudstone. The mixed-layer minerals of mudstone core samples have been analyzed by X-ray diffraction, solid-state 29Si and 27A1 magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance, Mössbauer and infrared spectroscopies, thermal analysis, chemical analysis, stable isotopes (18O/16O), and K/Ar dating. The mixed-layer minerals include for each sample two mixed-layer phases consisting of pyrophyllite, margarite, paragonite, tobelite, illite, smectite and vermiculite layers. The main, 80 m thick intrusion resulted in the formation of pyrophyllite, margarite, paragonite and tobelite layers. However, the tobelite layers are absent in samples <21 m from this intrusion. Furthermore, chlorite was formed and kaolinite destroyed in samples adjacent to minor intrusions and at distances <60 m from the large intrusion. For the first time, the detailed, complex mixed-layer structures formed during contact metamorphism of kaolinitic, oil-forming mudstones have been investigated accurately. The formation of tobelite layers reveals that oil formation has taken place during contact metamorphism. Furthermore, K/Ar dating of mixed-layer minerals from shale indicates that the intrusives are of early Eocene age. The 80 m thick intrusive is responsible for the main mixed-layer transformations, whereas two thin (3 m and 0.5 m thick) intrusions contribute little. Thus, the detailed mixed-layer investigation has contributed significantly to the understanding of the regional geology and the contact metamorphic processes.

Keywords

Burial DiagenesisGreenlandIllite-smectiteOil-source RocksTobelite
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 55 , Issue 3 , June 2007 , pp. 260 - 283
Copyright
Copyright © 2007, The Clay Minerals Society

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