Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-mkpzs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T22:05:20.408Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Geology and Origin of Sepiolite, Palygorskite and Saponite in Neogene Lacustrine Sediments of the Serinhisar-Acipayam Basin, Denizli, SW Turkey

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

Aydoǵan Akbulut  and
Selahattin Kadir
Aydoǵan Akbulut
Affiliation:
General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration (MTA), 06520 Ankara, Turkey
Selahattin Kadir*
Affiliation:
General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration (MTA), 06520 Ankara, Turkey
*
*E-mail address of corresponding author: skadir_mta@yahoo.com
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The Serinhisar-Acıpayam basin of western Anatolia hosts a Neogene alkaline lake which formed in some graben and semi-graben depression zones as a result of N–S tension. The basin is filled with fluvial and lacustrine sediments dominated by clayey materials. The filling of the basin with fine sediments and associated water level changes caused the development of swampy and/or semi-swampy, alkaline-lake environments where sepiolite, palygorskite, saponite and dolomitic sepiolite or palygorskite precipitated periodically in the basin. Sepiolite is predominant in the Kuyucak section and is intercalated with saponite-dominated levels, whereas saponite accompanied palygorskite at Kocapınar where basaltic volcanism occurred. The contacts between sepiolite-palygorskite and saponite levels are more or less sharp, reflecting rapid changes in the physicochemical conditions of the depositional environment. Micromorphological images reveal that both sepiolite and palygorskite grew as interwoven fibers or fiber bundles and masses where dolomite was absent, indicating direct precipitation from solution, whereas fibrous networks grew authigenically on and out of dolomite in dolomitic sepiolite and dolomitic palygorskite. Saponite is either green or reddish brown due to its organic material-rich content and derivation from products of basaltic volcanism. Synsedimentary basaltic volcanism was the main source of Fe and Al, whereas Si and Mg were derived from surrounding ultrabasic and detrital units and partly from the volcanism. It can be concluded that sepiolite, palygorskite and saponite formed either by direct precipitation from alkaline lake water or authigenically from interstitial pore-water between dolomite rhombs as controlled by concentration of Si, Mg, Al and Fe, rather than by mutual transformation.

Keywords

DenizliLacustrine EnvironmentPalygorskiteSaponiteSepioliteTurkey
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 51 , Issue 3 , June 2003 , pp. 279 - 292
Copyright
Copyright © 2003, The Clay Minerals Society

References

Akıncı, , (1967) Eskişehir 124-C1 paftasının jeolojisi ve tabakall lületaşı zuhurları Bulletin of the Mineral Research Institute of Turkey (MTA) 67 82–97 (in Turkish).Google Scholar
Allison, M.A. and Riggs, S.R., (1994) Clay-mineral suite in cyclic Miocene sediments: a model from deposition in a mixed siliciclastic-phosphatic-dolomitic-biogenic system Journal of Sedimentary Petrology A64 386 395.Google Scholar
Brindley, G.W., Brindley, G.W. and Brown, G., (1980) Quantitative X-ray analysis of clays Crystal Structures of Clay Minerals and their X-ray Identification London Mineralogical Society 411 438.Google Scholar
Brown, G. Brindley, G.W., Brindley, G.W. and Brown, G., (1980) X-ray Diffraction Procedures for Clay Mineral Identification Crystal Structures of Clay Minerals and their X-ray Identification London Mineralogical Society 305 360.Google Scholar
Calvo, J.P. Jones, B.F. Bustillo, M. Fort, R. Alonso Zarza, A.M. and Kendall, C., (1995) Sedimentology and geochemistry of carbonates from lacustrine sequences in the Madrid basin, central Spain Chemical Geology 123 173–191 10.1016/0009-2541(94)00161-Z.Google Scholar
Changsong, L., Qi, Y. and Sitian, L. (1991) Structural and depositional patterns of the Tertiary Baise Basin, Guang Xi Autonomous Region (southeastern China): a predictive model for fossil fuel exploration. Pp. 75–92 in: Lacustrine Facies Analysis (Anadon, P., Cabera, L.I. and Kelts, K., editors). International Association of Sedimentologists, 13.Google Scholar
Dean, W.E. and Fouch, T.D. (1983) Lacustrine environment. Pp. 97–130 in: Carbonate Depositional Environments (Scholle, P.A., Bebout, D.G. and Moore, C.H., editors). The American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 708 pp.Google Scholar
Dias, I. Gonzalez, I. Prates, S. and Galán, E., (1997) Palygorskite occurrences in the Portuguese sector of the Tagus basin: a preliminary report Clay Minerals 32 323–328 10.1180/claymin.1997.032.2.14.Google Scholar
Ece, I. and Çoban, F., (1994) Geology, occurrence and genesis of Eskişehir sepiolites, Turkey Clays and Clay Minerals 42 81–92 10.1346/CCMN.1994.0420111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Erakman, B., Meşhur, M., Gül, M.A., Alkan, H., Oztaş, Y. and Akpınar, M. (1982) Fethiye-Köyceǵiz-Tefenni-Elmalı-Kalkan arasında kalan alanın jeolojisi. Pp. 23–31 in: Sixth Petroleum Congress of Turkey (Güven, A., Dinçer, A. and Derman, A.S., editors), Ankara (in Turkish).Google Scholar
Ercan, T. Günay, E. and Baş, H., (1983) Petrology and plate tectonic implications of Denizli volcanics Bulletin of the Geological Society of Turkey 2 153 158.Google Scholar
Estéoule-Choux, J., Singer, A. and Galán, E., (1984) Palygorskite in the Tertiary deposits of the Armorican Massif Palygorskite-Sepiolite, Occurrences, Genesis and Uses Amsterdam Elsevier 75 85.Google Scholar
Galán, E. and Carretero, I., (1999) A new approach to compositional limits for sepiolite and palygorskite Clays and Clay Minerals 47 399–409 10.1346/CCMN.1999.0470402.Google Scholar
Galán, E. and Ferrero, A., (1982) Palygorskite-sepiolite clays of Lebrija, southern Spain Clays and Clay Minerals 30 191–199 10.1346/CCMN.1982.0300305.Google Scholar
Gehring, A.V. Keller, P. Frey, B. and Luster, J., (1995) The occurrence of spherical morphology as evidence for changing conditions during the genesis of a sepiolite deposit Clay Minerals 30 83–86 10.1180/claymin.1995.030.1.10.Google Scholar
Gençoǵlu, H., Irkeç, T. and Çokyaman, S. (1993) Eskişehir-Sivrihisar area. Pp. 25–127 in: Utilization of Sepiolite and Mg-bearing Clays in Turkey. ITIT Project No. 90-1-5.Google Scholar
Gündoǵdu, M.N., (1982) Geological, mineralogical and geochemical investigation of the Bigadiç Neogene sedimentary basin Turkey Hacettepe University 386 pp.Google Scholar
Hakyemez, H.Y., (1989) Kale-Kurbalık (GB Denizli) bölgesindeki Senozoyik yaşli çökel kayaların jeolojisi ve stratigrafisi Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration of Turkey (MTA) 109 9–22 (in Turkish).Google Scholar
Hay, R.L. Stoessel, R.K., Singer, A. and Galán, E., (1984) Sepiolite in the Amboseli Basin of Kenya: a new interpretation Palygorskite-Sepiolite, Occurrence, Genesis and Uses Amsterdam Elsevier 125 136.Google Scholar
Hillier, S. and Velde, B., (1995) Erosion, sedimentation and sedimentary origin of clays Origin and Mineralogy of Clays, Clays and the Environment Berlin Springer-Verlag 162–219 10.1007/978-3-662-12648-6_4.Google Scholar
Inglès, M. and Anadón, P., (1991) Relationship of clay minerals to depositional environment in the non-marine Eocene Pontils Group, SE Ebro basin (Spain) Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 61 926 939.Google Scholar
Jones, B.F. Galán, E. and Bailey, S.W., (1988) Sepiolite and palygorskite Hydrous Phyllosilicates (Exclusive of Micas) Washington, D.C Mineralogical Society of America 631 374 10.1515/9781501508998-021.Google Scholar
Kadir, S. and Akbulut, A., (2001) Occurrence of sepiolite in the Hırsızdere sedimentary magnesite deposit, Bozkurt-Denizli, SW Turkey Carbonates and Evaporites 16 17–25 10.1007/BF03176223.Google Scholar
Kadir, S. and Karakaş, Z., (2002) Mineralogy, chemistry and origin of halloysite, kaolinite and smectite from Miocene ignimbrites, Konya, Turkey Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Abhandlungen 177 113 132.Google Scholar
Kadir, S. Baş, H. and Karakaş, Z., (2002) Origin of sepiolite and loughlinite in a Neogene sedimentary lacustrine environment, Mihalıççık-Eskişehir, Turkey The Canadian Mineralogist 40 1091–1102 10.2113/gscanmin.40.4.1091.Google Scholar
Karakaş, Z. and Kadir, S., (2000) Devitrification of volcanic glasses in Konya volcanic units, Turkey Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 9 39 46.Google Scholar
Kawano, M. Tomita, K. and Shimohara, Y., (1997) Analytical electron microscopic study of the noncrystalline products formed at early weathering stages of volcanic glass Clays and Clay Minerals 45 440–447 10.1346/CCMN.1997.0450313.Google Scholar
Millot, G., (1970) Geology of Clays London Chapman & Hall 10.1007/978-3-662-41609-9 429 pp.Google Scholar
Newman, A.C.D. Brown, G. and Newman, A.C.D., (1987) The chemical constitution of clays Chemistry of Clays and Clay Minerals London Mineralogical Society 1–128 Longman Scientific & Technical, Harlow, Essex, UK.Google Scholar
Okay, A.I., (1989) Denizli’nin güneyinde Menderes masifi ve Likya naplarının jeolojisi Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration of Turkey (MTA) 109 45–58 (in Turkish).Google Scholar
Rogers, L.E.R. Martin, A.E. and Norrish, K., (1954) The occurrence of palygorskite, near Ipswich, Queensland Mineralogical Magazine 30 534–540 10.1180/minmag.1954.030.227.07.Google Scholar
Rogers, L.E.R. Quirk, J.P. and Norrish, K., (1956) Occurrence of an aluminium-sepiolite in a soil having unusual water relationships Journal of Soil Science 7 177–184 10.1111/j.1365-2389.1956.tb00873.x.Google Scholar
Singer, A., Dixon, J.B. and Weed, S.B., (1989) Palygorskite and sepiolite group minerals Minerals in Soil Environments Madison, Wisconsin, USA Soil Science Society of America, Inc. 829 872.Google Scholar
Singer, A., (1979) Palygorskite in sediments: detrital, diagenetic, or neoformed — a critical review Geologische Rundschau 68 996–1008 10.1007/BF02274683.Google Scholar
Singer, A. and Galán, E., (1984) Palygorskite-Sepiolite, Occurrences, Genesis and Uses Amsterdam Elsevier 352 pp.Google Scholar
Singer, A. and Norrish, K., (1974) Pedogenic palygorskite occurrences in Australia American Mineralogist 59 508 517.Google Scholar
Singer, A. Stahr, K. and Zarei, M., (1998) Characteristics and origin of sepiolite (meerchaum) from central Somalia Clay Minerals 33 349–362 10.1180/000985598545525.Google Scholar
Şenel, M., (1997) Geological map of the Denizli-J9 Quadrangle No 16 (1/100 000) Ankara General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration (MTA).Google Scholar
Trauth, N. (1977) Argiles évaporatiques dans la sédimentation carbonatée continentale et épicontinental tértiaire. Bassin de Paris, Mormoiron et Salinelles (France), Jbel Ghassoul (Moroc). Sciences Géologiques, Mémoire 49, 195 pp.Google Scholar
Yalçın, H. and Bozkaya, , (1995) Sepiolite-palygorskite from the Hekimhan region, Turkey Clays and Clay Minerals 43 705–717 10.1346/CCMN.1995.0430607.Google Scholar
Yeniyol, M., (1992) Yenidoǵan (Sivrihisar) sepiolit yataǵının jeolojisi, mineralojisi ve oluşumu Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration of Turkey (MTA) 114 71–84 (in Turkish).Google Scholar