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Hydraulic Performance of Untreated and Polymer-Treated Bentonite in Inorganic Landfill Leachates

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

Alaa K. Ashmawy ,
Darwish El-Hajji ,
Nestor Sotelo  and
Naim Muhammad
Alaa K. Ashmawy*
Affiliation:
University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
Darwish El-Hajji
Affiliation:
URS Corporation, Tampa, Florida, USA
Nestor Sotelo
Affiliation:
Parsons Engineering Sciences Inc., Tampa, Florida, USA
Naim Muhammad
Affiliation:
University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
*
*E-mail address of corresponding author: ashmawy@eng.usf.edu
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Abstract

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Short- and long-term exposure to inorganic solutions can cause significant degradation of the hydraulic properties of bentonite clay used in geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs). In particular, the increase in hydraulic conductivity due to cation exchange when Na-montmorillonite is subjected to leachates rich in Ca and Mg has caused problems in incinerator ash landfill liners located in wet environments, where large quantities of leachates are generated. Experimental results are presented to evaluate the immediate change in hydraulic conductivity of seven types of GCL clays upon permeation with leachate generated from three ash landfills. The composition of the ash, which is a by-product of the incineration of municipal solid waste (MSW), in turn influences the composition of the resulting leachate. Falling head permeability tests were performed on flexible-wall permeameter specimens, with back-pressure saturation. Chemical analysis shows that the three leachate products contain high, medium, and low concentration Ca and Mg cations. The clay component of GCL materials tested in this study consists of regular and polymer-treated bentonite. Polymer treatment is believed to render the clay non-reactive to many organic and inorganic chemicals. The results of this study indicate that: (1) polymer treatment is generally more beneficial if the clay is first saturated with water and not directly with the leachate; (2) high swell potential of the bentonite is more advantageous than polymer treatment, especially when low hydraulic conductivity is required in the short term and if the clay is pre-hydrated. Experiment setup and special specimen preparation procedures are also discussed.

Keywords

BentoniteContaminant Resistant ClayGeosynthetic Clay LinerHydraulic ConductivityLandfill LeachateMontmorillonitePermeabilityPolymer TreatmentSwell Index X-ray Diffraction
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 50 , Issue 5 , October 2002 , pp. 546 - 552
Copyright
Copyright © 2002, The Clay Minerals Society

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