Hostname: page-component-745bb68f8f-s22k5 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-01-15T02:26:09.623Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Influence of Exchange Ions on the b-Dimensions of Dioctahedral Vermiculite

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 July 2024

R. A. Leonard  and
S. B. Weed
R. A. Leonard*
Affiliation:
North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
S. B. Weed
Affiliation:
North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
*
†Present address: Southern Piedmont Conservation Research Center, USDA, ARS, SWC, P.O. Box 555, 30677, Watkinsville, Georgia, USA
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The 1–5 μ size fractions of different ground muscovites were treated for a 30-day period for K+ removal with a pH 7.5 solution containing sodium tetraphenylboron. The initial K+ contents ranged from 211 to 219 me/100 g. After the extraction period, the final K contents ranged from 21 to 37 me/100 g. The apparent structural charge on the expanded material decreased to values ranging from 156 to 184 me/100 g, which are within the charge range for natural vermiculites. The b-dimensions of these laboratory-produced vermiculites were found to vary with the exchange ion and with the hydration state of the ion. For hydrated samples, saturation with Cs+, Li+, and Mg2+ ions increased the observed b-dimension in comparison to that of the corresponding parent mica, whereas saturation with Sr2+ and La3+ ions had little effect on b. After dehydration at 350°C, only Cs+-saturated samples had a b-dimension greater than that of the parent mica. The observed b-dimension for the dehydrated samples was found to be a direct function of the crystal radius of the interlayer ion. Apparently, as the ion dehydrates, the surface oxygen triads rotate until some of the oxygens “lock” onto the ion, limiting the minimum b-dimension. Before dehydration, however, the water of hydration in the interlayer region is evidently held with sufficient energy to limit rotations of the oxygen triads that give rise to a decrease in b. When Li+ and Mg2+ ions occupy the interlayer region, their water network apparently even produces a slight increase in the observed b-dimension.

Type
Symposium on Vermiculite Studies
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 15 , February 1967 , pp. 149 - 161
Copyright
Copyright © 1967, The Clay Minerals Society

Footnotes

*

Contribution from the Department of Soil Science, North Carolina Agr. Exp. Sta., North Carolina State University, Raleigh. Published with the approval of the Director as Paper No. 2274 of the Journal Series.

References

Alexiades, C. A. and Jackson, M. L. (1965) Quantitativo determination of vermiculite in soils: Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. 29, 522–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brindley, G. W. (1961) Experimental methods, pp. 1–50. In Brown, G. (Ed.), X-ray Identification and Crystal Structures of Clay Minerals, Mineral Soc. Monograph, London.Google Scholar
Brown, G. (1953) The dioctahedral analogue of vermiculite: Clay Min. Bull. 2, 64–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, G. (1965) Significance of recent structure determinations of layer silicates for clay studies: Clay Min. Bull. 6, 73–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burns, A. F. and White, J. L. (1963a) Removal of potassium alters the b-dimension of muscovite: Science 139, 39–40.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Burns, A. F. and White, J. L. (1963b) The effect of potassium removal on the bdimension of muscovite and dioctahedral soil micas: Int. Clay Conf. Proc. 1, 9–17.Google Scholar
Cook, M. G. and Rich, C. I. (1963) Negative charge of dioctahedral micas as related to weathering: Clays and Clay Minerals, Proc. 11th Conf., Pergamon Press, New York, 47–64.Google Scholar
Jackson, M. L. (1963) Interlayering of expansible layer silicates in soils by chemical weathering: Clays and Clay Minerals, Proc. 11th Conf., Pergamon Press, New York, 29–46.Google Scholar
Kunze, G. W. (1955) Anomalies in the ethylene glycol solvation technique used in X-ray diffraction: Clays and Clay Minerals, Proc. 3rd Conf., Natl. Acad. Sci.—Natl. Res. Council Pub. 395, 88–93.Google Scholar
Mehra, O. P. and Jackson, M. L. (1959) Constancy of the sum of mica unit cell potassium surface and interlayer sorption surface in vermiculite-illite clays: Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. 23, 101–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Radoslovich, E. W. (1961) Surface symmetry and cell dimensions of layer lattice silicates: Nature 191, 67–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Radoslovich, E. W. (1962) The cell dimensions and symmetry of layer lattice silicates, II. Regression relations: Amer. Mineral. 47, 617–36.Google Scholar
Radoslovich, E. W. (1963) The cell dimensions of layer lattice silicates, IV. Interatomic forces: Amer. Mineral. 48, 76–99.Google Scholar
Radoslovich, E. W. and Norrish, K. (1962) The cell dimensions and symmetry of layer lattice silicates, I. Some structural concepts: Amer. Mineral. 47, 599–616.Google Scholar
Raman, K. V. and Jackson, M. L. (1966) Layer charge relations in minerals of micaceous soils and sediments: Clays and Clay Minerals, Proc. 14th Conf., Pergamon Press, New York, 53–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reed, M. G. and Scott, A. D. (1962) Kinetics of potassium release from biotite and muscovite in sodium tetraphenylboron solutions: Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. 26, 437–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rich, C. I. (1960) Aluminum in interlayers of vermiculite: Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. 24, 26–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Russell, J. D. and Farmer, V. C. (1964) Infrared spectroscopic study of the dehydration of montmorillonite and saponite: Clay Min. Bull. 5, 443–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shapiro, L. and Brannock, W. W. (1956) Rapid analysis of silicate rocks: U.S. Geol. Surv. Bull. 1036c, 19–56.Google Scholar
Walker, G. F. (1956) The mechanism of dehydration of Mg-vermiculite: Clays and Clay Minerals, Proc. 4th Conf., Natl. Acad. Sci.—Natl. Res. Council Pub. 456, 101–15.Google Scholar
Walker, G. F. (1958) Reactions of expanding-lattice clay minerals with glycerol and ethylene glycol: Clay Min. Bull. 3, 302–13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weed, S. V. and Leonard, R. A. (1963) Determination of Sr by X-ray emission in cation exchange capacity determinations of clays: Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. 27, 474–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weed, S. V. and Leonard, R. A. (1964) A comparison of Mg2+, Ca2+ and Sr2+ as exchange ions for mineralogical studies of clays: Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. 28, 58–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yoder, H. S. and Eugster, H. P. (1955) Synthetic and natural muscovite: Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 8, 225–80, .CrossRefGoogle Scholar