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The Interaction Between Bentonite and Water Vapor. I: Examination of Physical and Chemical Properties

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

Michel Heuser ,
Christian Weber ,
Helge Stanjek ,
Hong Chen ,
Guntram Jordan ,
Wolfgang W. Schmahl  and
Carsten Natzeck
Michel Heuser*
Affiliation:
Clay and Interface Mineralogy, RWTH Aachen University, Bunsenstrasse 8, 52072, Aachen, Germany
Christian Weber
Affiliation:
Clay and Interface Mineralogy, RWTH Aachen University, Bunsenstrasse 8, 52072, Aachen, Germany
Helge Stanjek
Affiliation:
Clay and Interface Mineralogy, RWTH Aachen University, Bunsenstrasse 8, 52072, Aachen, Germany
Hong Chen
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Technology, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, B 2400 Mol, Belgium
Guntram Jordan
Affiliation:
Department for Geo- and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Theresienstrasse 41, 80333 Munich, Germany
Wolfgang W. Schmahl
Affiliation:
Department for Geo- and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Theresienstrasse 41, 80333 Munich, Germany
Carsten Natzeck
Affiliation:
Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
*
*E-mail address of corresponding author: michel.heuser@cim.rwth-aachen.de
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Abstract

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The influence of water vapor on bentonites or smectites is of interest in many different fields of applied mineralogy such as nuclear-waste sealing or casting in the foundry industry. The water vapor affects the smectite surface and perhaps its structure probably leading to mostly unfavorable changes in its properties. In this first part of the present study, the influence of hot water vapor (200°C) on the physicochemical and mineralogical properties of smectite-group minerals was studied. After the steam treatment, turbidity measurements, methylene-blue sorption, water adsorption, and cation exchange capacity (CEC) were measured on both untreated and treated samples. Mineralogical changes were monitored by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to measure O, Al, and Si. Only a few parameters showed differences between the untreated and vapor-treated samples. Sedimentation volumes (SV) decreased following the treatment. As shown by XRD and XPS, the crystalline structure of smectite remained unaffected by the steam treatment. Equivalent sphere diameters (ESD) were not affected systematically by the steam treatment. Differences in CEC values between untreated and treated samples were observed, but only for smectites with monovalent interlayer cations. From the variety of different measurements the conclusion of the present study was that steam treatment changes the charge properties at or near the smectite particle surface.

Keywords

Cation Exchange CapacityEquivalent Sphere DiameterMethylene Blue SorptionWater VaporXPSXRD
Type
Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 62 , Issue 3 , June 2014 , pp. 188 - 202
Copyright
Copyright © Clay Minerals Society 2014

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