Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dk4vv Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T06:45:10.000Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Kaolinite: NMF Intercalates

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2024

Philippa J. R. Uwins ,
Ian D. R. Mackinnon ,
John G. Thompson  and
Anya J. E. Yago
Philippa J. R. Uwins
Affiliation:
Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia QLD 4072, Australia
Ian D. R. Mackinnon
Affiliation:
Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia QLD 4072, Australia
John G. Thompson
Affiliation:
Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
Anya J. E. Yago
Affiliation:
Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia QLD 4072, Australia
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Bulk and size-fractionated kaolinites from seven localities in Australia as well as the Clay Minerals Society Source Clays Georgia KGa-1 and KGa-2 have been studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), laser scattering, and electron microscopy in order to understand the variation of particle characteristics across a range of environments and to correlate specific particle characteristics with intercalation behavior. All kaolinites have been intercalated with N-methyl (NMF) after pretreatment with hydrazine hydrate, and the relative efficiency of intercalation has been determined using XRD. Intercalate yields of kaolinite: NMF are consistently low for bulk samples that have a high proportion of small-sized particles (i.e., <0.5 µm) and for biphased kaolinites with a high percentage (>60%) of low-defect phase. In general, particle size appears to be a more significant controlling factor than defect distribution in determining the relative yield of kaolinite: NMF intercalate.

Keywords

Defect distributionIntercalatesKaoliniteN-methyl formamideParticle size
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 41 , Issue 6 , December 1993 , pp. 707 - 717
Copyright
Copyright © 1993, The Clay Minerals Society

References

Brindley, G. W., Kao, C.-C. Harrison, J. L., Lipsicas, M. and Raythatha, R., 1986 Relation between structural disorder and other characteristics of kaolinites and dickites Clays & Clay Minerals 34 239 – 249 10.1346/CCMN.1986.0340303.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bookin, A. S., Drits, V. A., Plançon, A. and Tchoubar, C., 1989 Stacking faults in kaolin minerals in the light of real structural features Clays & Clay Minerals 37 297 – 307 10.1346/CCMN.1989.0370402.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carr, R. M. and Chih, H., 1971 Complexes of halloysite with organic compounds Clay Miner. 9 153 – 166 10.1180/claymin.1971.009.2.01.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Costanzo, P. M. and Giese, R. F. Jr., 1990 Ordered and disordered organic intercalates of 8.4A, synthetically hydrated kaolinite Clays & Clay Miners 38 160 – 170 10.1346/CCMN.1990.0380207.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
von Fernandez-Gonzalez, M., Weiss, A. and Lagaly, G., 1976 Uber das verhalten nordwest-spanischer kaoline bei der bildung von einlagerungsverbindungen Keramische Zeitschrift 2 55 – 58.Google Scholar
Fripiat, J. J. and van Olphen, H., 1979 Data Handbook for Clay Materials and other Non-metallic Minerals New York Pergamon Press.Google Scholar
Gonzalez Garcia, S. and Sanchez-Camazano, M., 1968 Differentiation of kaolinite from chlorite by treatment with dimethylsulfoxide Clay Miner. 7 447 – 450 10.1180/claymin.1968.007.4.08.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hassanipak, A. A. and Eslinger, E., 1985 Mineralogy, crys-tallinity, O18/O16, and D/H of Georgia kaolins Clays & Clay Minerals 33 99 – 106 10.1346/CCMN.1985.0330203.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hinckley, D. N., 1963 Variability in “crystallinity” values among the kaolin deposits of the coastal plain of Georgia and South Georgia Clays & Clay Minerals 11 229 – 235 10.1346/CCMN.1962.0110122.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lombardi, G., Russell, J. D. and Keller, W. D., 1987 Compositional and structural variations in the size fractions of a sedimentary and hydrothermal kaolin Clays & Clay Minerals 35 321 – 335 10.1346/CCMN.1987.0350501.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mackinnon, I D R Uwins, P J R and Yago, A. J. E., 1993 Kaolinite particle sizes in the <2 µm range using laser scattering Clays & Clay Minerals 41 613 – 623 10.1346/CCMN.1993.0410512.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murray, H. H. and Lyons, S. C., 1956 Correlation of paper-coating quality with degree of crystal perfection of kaolinite Clays & Clay Minerals 4 31 – 40 10.1346/CCMN.1955.0040105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olejnik, S., Aylmore, L A G Posner, A. M. and Quirk, J. P., 1968 Infrared spectra of kaolin mineral-dimethyl sulfoxide complexes Jour. Phys. Chem. 72 241 – 249 10.1021/j100847a045.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olivier, J. P. and Sennett, P., 1973 Particle size-shape relationships in Georgia sedimentary kaolins-II Clays & Clay Minerals 21 403 – 412 10.1346/CCMN.1973.0210516.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Plançon, A., Gies, R. F. Jr. Snyder, R., Dritts, V. A. and Bookin, A. S., 1989 Stacking faults in the kaolin-group minerals: Defect structures of kaolinite Clays & Clay Minerals 37 203 – 210 10.1346/CCMN.1989.0370302.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Plançon, A. and Zacherie, C., 1990 An expert system for the structural characterization of kaolinites Clay Miner. 25 249 – 260 10.1180/claymin.1990.025.3.01.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sidheswaran, P., Bhat, A. N. and Ganguli, P., 1990 Intercalation of salts of fatty acids into kaolinite Clays & Clay Minerals 38 29 – 32 10.1346/CCMN.1990.0380104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tanner, C. B. and Jackson, M. L., 1947 Nomographs of sedimentation times for soil particles under gravity or centrifugal acceleration Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. 11 60 – 65.Google Scholar
Tettenhorst, R. T. and Corbato, C. E., 1986 Properties of a sized and ground kaolinite Clay Miner. 21 971 – 976 10.1180/claymin.1986.021.5.11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Theng, B. K. G., 1974 Chemistry of Clay-Organic Reactions London Hilger 343.Google Scholar
Thompson, J. G., 1984 Interpretation of solid-state l3C and 29Si NMR spectra of kaolinite intercalates Clays & Clay Minerals 19 229 – 236 10.1180/claymin.1984.019.2.09.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thompson, J. G. and Cuff, C., 1985 Crystal structure of kaolinite: dimethylsulfoxide intercalate Clays & Clay Minerals 33 490 – 500 10.1346/CCMN.1985.0330603.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thompson, J. G., Uwins, P J R Whittaker, A. K. and Mackinnon, I. D. R., 1992 The structural and chemical characterization of kaolinite: NaCl intercalate and its derivatives Clays & Clay Minerals 40 369 – 380 10.1346/CCMN.1992.0400401.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wada, K., 1959a Oriented penetration of ionic compounds between the silicate layers of halloysite Amer. Mineral. 44 153 – 165.Google Scholar
Wada, K., 1959b An interlayer complex of halloysite with ammonium chloride Amer. Mineral. 44 1237 – 1247.Google Scholar
Wada, K., 1961 Lattice expansion of kaolin minerals by treatment with potassium acetate Amer. Mineral. 46 78 – 91.Google Scholar
Wada, K. and Yamada, H., 1968 Hydrazine intercalation-intersalation for differentiation of kaolin minerals from chlorites Amer. Mineral. 53 334 – 339.Google Scholar
Weiss, A., Theilepape, W., Ritter, W., Schafer, H. and Goring, G., 1963 Zur Kenntnis von Hydrazin-Kaolinit Zeit. anorg. allgem. Chem. 320 183 – 204 10.1002/zaac.19633200122.CrossRefGoogle Scholar