Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gbm5v Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T07:21:45.907Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Kübler Illite “Crystallinity” Index of the Cretaceous Gyeongsang Basin, Korea: Implications for Basin Evolution

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2024

Jae Il Lee  and
Yong Il Lee
Jae Il Lee*
Affiliation:
School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
Yong Il Lee
Affiliation:
School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
*
E-mail of corresponding author: lee2602@plaza.snu.ac.kr
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Thermal maturity of the Lower Cretaceous Sindong and Hayang groups in the Gyeongsang Basin, Korea, was investigated using the Kübler illite “crystallinity” index (KI) which is based on the numerical expression of the 10-Å peak width after calibration to the Crystallinity Index Standard scale. The metamorphic grade of the Sindong and Hayang groups ranges from late diagenetic zone to high anchizone. Depth of burial was not a major factor controlling KI variation in the basin because Hayang mudrocks have higher thermal maturity than the underlying Sindong mudrocks. Short-lived heating by the emplacement of the Upper Cretaceous plutonic rocks is responsible for the higher thermal maturity in the Hayang mudrocks. A linear NNE-SSW trending belt is drawn by connecting the lowest KI values, and it seems to reflect a hidden fault trace beneath the Hayang Group. Emplacement of Upper Cretaceous plutonic rocks and introduction of hydrothermal fluids along the inferred fault may have been the main cause of the lowering of KI values along this belt. This inferred fault is interpreted to represent the buried eastern boundary of the Nagdong Trough, which was the main depositional site for the Sindong Group in the western part of the Gyeongsang Basin. Deposition of the Hayang Group occurred in the enlarged basin when the basin extended eastward. This study provides an example that KI values can be used in the reconstruction of an early history of basin evolution.

Keywords

Gyeongsang BasinIllite Crystallinity (Kübler Index)KoreaLow-Grade Metamorphism
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 49 , Issue 1 , February 2001 , pp. 36 - 43
Copyright
Copyright © 2001, The Clay Minerals Society

References

Awan, M.A. and Woodcock, N.H., (1991) A white mica crystallinity study of the Berwyn Hills, North Wales Journal of Metamorphic Geology 9 765–773 10.1111/j.1525-1314.1991.tb00564.x.Google Scholar
Barker, C.E. and Magoon, L.B., (1988) Geothermics of petroleum systems: Implications of the stabilization of kerogen thermal maturation after a geologically brief heating duration at peak temperature Petroleum Systems of the United States Washington, D.C. U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1870 26–29.Google Scholar
Bertrand, R. Chagnon, A. Heroux, Y. and Savard, M.M., (1998) Hydrothermal alteration of clay minerals and organic matter within and outside the Jubilee carbonate-hosted Zn-Pb deposit, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, Canada Economic Geology 93 746–756 10.2113/gsecongeo.93.6.746.Google Scholar
Bostick, N.H. Cashman, S.M. McCulloh, T.H. Waddell, C.T. and Oltz, D.E., (1978) Gradients of vitrinite reflectance and present temperature in the Los Angeles and Ventura basins, California Low Temperature Metamorphism of Kerogen and Clay Minerals 65–96.Google Scholar
Chang, B.-U., (1997) A study on the lead isotopic compositions of ore deposits and igneous rocks in the Gyeongsang Basin, southeast Korea Korea Ph.D. thesis, Seoul National University, Seoul.Google Scholar
Chang, K.H., (1968) An introduction to the stratigraphy of Gyeongsang (Kyongsang) Group, Gyongsang province, southern Korea Journal of the Geological Society of Korea 4 39–42 (in Korean).Google Scholar
Chang, K.H., (1970) Geology of Upper Mesozoic strata, N. Gyeongsang province, southern Korea Journal of the Geological Society of Korea 6 1–12 (in Korean).Google Scholar
Chang, K.H., (1975) Cretaceous stratigraphy of southeast Korea Journal of the Geological Society of Korea 11 1–23.Google Scholar
Chang, K.H. and Lee, D.-S., (1987) Cretaceous Strata Geology of Korea Seoul Geological Society of Korea, Kyohak-Sa 157–201.Google Scholar
Chang, K.H. Woo, B.-G. Lee, J.-H. Park, S.-O. and Yao, A., (1990) Cretaceous and Early Cenozoic stratigraphy and history of eastern Kyongsang Basin, S. Korea Journal of the Geological Society of Korea 26 471–487.Google Scholar
Cheong, T.J. Oh, J.H. Son, J.D. Bong, P.Y. Lee, H.Y. Ryu, B.J. Son, B.K. Kwon, Y.I. Hwang, I.G. Lee, Y.J. and Kim, H.Y., (1997) Petroliferous basin analysis in Taegu area (II) Petroleum Resources Assessment Korea KIGAM Research Report KR-97(C)-18, Korea Institute of Geology, Mining & Materials, Taejon 193–313 (in Korean).Google Scholar
Choi, H.-I., (1986) Sandstone petrology of the Sindong Group, southwestern part of the Gyeongsang Basin Journal of the Geological Society of Korea 22 212–223.Google Scholar
Chun, S.S. Chough, S.K. and Chough, S.K., (1992) Tectonic history of Cretaceous sedimentary basins in the southwestern Korean Peninsula and Yellow Sea Sedimentary Basins in the Korean Peninsula and Adjacent Seas Korea Korean Sedimentology Research Group Special Publication, Seoul 60–76.Google Scholar
Engebretson, D.C. Cox, A. and Gordon, R.G., (1985) Relative Motions Between Oceanic and Continental Plates in the Pacific Basin. Geological Society of America, Special Paper 206 .Google Scholar
Essene, E.J. and Peacor, D.R., (1995) Clay mineral thermometry-a critical perspective Clays and Clay Minerals 43 540–553 10.1346/CCMN.1995.0430504.Google Scholar
Frey, M., (1988) Discontinuous inverse metamorphic zonation, Glarus Alps, Switzerland: Evidence from illite “crystallinity” data Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen 68 171–183.Google Scholar
Frey, M. Teichmüller, M. Teichmüller, R. Mullis, J. Künzi, B. Breitschmid, A. Grüner, U. and Schwizer, B., (1980) Very low-grade metamorphism in external parts of the Central Alps: Illite crystallinity, coal rank and fluid inclusion data Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae 73 173–203.Google Scholar
Kisch, H.J. and Frey, M., (1987) Correlation between indicators of very low-grade metamorphism Low Temperature Metamorphism Glosgow Blackie 227–300.Google Scholar
Kübler, B., (1967) La cristallnité de Tillite et les zones tout à fait supérieures du métamorphisme Etages Tectoniques, Colloque de Neuchâtel 1966 Switzerland Université Neuchâtel, à la Baconnière, Neuchâtel 105–121.Google Scholar
Kübler, B., (1967) Anchimetamorphisme et schistosité Bulletin Centre Recherche Pau-SNPA 1 259–278.Google Scholar
Kübler, B., (1968) Evaluation quantitative du métamorphisme par la cristallnité de Tillite Bulletin Centre Recherche Pau-SNPA 2 385–397.Google Scholar
Koh, I.S., (1986) Study on the Source Rocks of the Nagdong Group Journal of the Geological Society of Korea 22 233–256 (in Korean).Google Scholar
Lee, J.I. and Lee, Y.I., (2000) Provenance of the Lower Cretaceous Hayang Group, Gyeongsang Basin, southeastern Korea: Implications for continental-arc volcanism Journal of Sedimentary Research 70 151–158 10.1306/2DC40906-0E47-11D7-8643000102C1865D.Google Scholar
Lee, S.-M. Kim, S.-W. and Jin, M.-S., (1987) Igneous activities of the Cretaceous to Early Tertiary and their tectonic implications in South Korea Journal of the Geological Society of Korea 23 338–359.Google Scholar
Lee, Y.I. and Ko, H.K., (1997) Illite crystallinity and fluid inclusion analysis across a Paleozoic disconformity in central Korea Clays and Clay Minerals 45 147–157 10.1346/CCMN.1997.0450203.Google Scholar
Lim, H.S., (1999) Thermal history and provenance study of the Sindong Group by using a zircon fission track method Korea M.S. Thesis, Seoul National University, Seoul.Google Scholar
Maruyama, S. Isozaki, Y. Kimura, G. and Terabayashi, M., (1997) Paleogeographic maps of the Japanese Islands: Plate tectonic synthesis from 750 Ma to the present Island Arc 6 121–142 10.1111/j.1440-1738.1997.tb00043.x.Google Scholar
Merriman, R.J. Frey, M., Frey, M. and Robinson, D., (1999) Patterns of very lowgrade metamorphism in metapelitic rocks Low-Grade Metamorphism Cambridge Blackwell 61–107.Google Scholar
Merriman, R.J. Roberts, B. and Peacor, D.R., (1990) A transmission electron microscope study of white mica crystallite size distribution in a mudstone to slate transitional sequence, North Wales, UK Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 106 27–40 10.1007/BF00306406.Google Scholar
Oh, J.H. Kwak, Y.H. Son, J.D. Cheong, T.J. Ryu, B.J. Son, B.K. Hwang, I.G. Lee, Y.J. Kim, H.J. and Ko, J., (1996) Petroliferous basin analysis in Jinju area (II) Petroleum Resources Assessment Korea KIGAM Research Report KR- 95(C)-24, Korea Institute of Geology, Mining & Materials, Taejon 185–301.Google Scholar
Olsson, I., (1999) Regional burial heating vs. local magmatic heat influence of the Röstänga area, Scania, southern Sweden GFF 121 209–214 10.1080/11035899901213209.Google Scholar
Panno, S.V. and Moore, D.M., (1994) Mineralogy of the claysized fraction of the Davis Shale, southeast Missouri: Alteration associated with a Mississippi Valley-type ore deposit Economic Geology 89 333–340 10.2113/gsecongeo.89.2.333.Google Scholar
Pouclet, A. Lee, J.-S. Vidal, P. Cousens, B. Bellon, H. and Smellie, J.L., (1995) Cretaceous to Cenozoic volcanism in South Korea and in the Sea of Japan: Magmatic constraints on the opening of the back-arc basin Volcanism Associated with Extension at Consuming Plate Margin 169–191.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roberts, B. and Merriman, P.J., (1985) The distinction between Caledonian burial and regional metamorphism in metapelites from North Wales: An analysis of isocryst patterns Journal of the Geological Society of London 142 615–624 10.1144/gsjgs.142.4.0615.Google Scholar
Roberts, B. Morrison, C. and Hirons, S., (1990) Low grade metamorphism of the Manx Group, Isle of Man: A comparative study of white mica ‘crystallinity’ techniques Journal of the Geological Society of London 147 271–277 10.1144/gsjgs.147.2.0271.Google Scholar
Roberts, B. Merriman, R.J. Hirons, S.R. Fletcher, C.T.N. and Wilson, D., (1996) Synchronous very low-grade metamorphism, contraction and inversion in the central part of the Welsh Lower Palaeozoic Basin Journal of the Geological Society of London 153 277–285 10.1144/gsjgs.153.2.0277.Google Scholar
Shin, S.-C. and Jin, M.-S., (1995) Isotope Age Map of Plutonic Rocks in Korea Korea Korea Institute of Geology, Mining and Materials, Taejon.Google Scholar
Son, B.-K. Cheong, T.-J. Oh, J.-H. and Kwak, Y.-H., (1994) Thermal maturation and diagenesis of the Gyeongsang Su, pergroup, Euiseong area, SE Korea Korean Journal of Petroleum Geology 2 83–90 (in Korean).Google Scholar
Um, S.-H. Choi, H.I. Son, J.D. Oh, J.H. Kwak, Y.H. Shin, S.C. and Yun, H.S., (1983) Geological and Geochemical Studies on the Gyeongsang Supergroup in the Gyeongsang Basin. KIER Bulletin, 36, Korea Institute of Energy and Resources (in Korean).Google Scholar
Warr, L.N. and Rice, A.H.N., (1994) Interlaboratory standardization and calibration of clay mineral crystallinity and crystallite size data Journal of Metamorphic Geology 12 141–152 10.1111/j.1525-1314.1994.tb00010.x.Google Scholar
Warr, L.N. Primmer, T.J. and Robinson, D., (1991) Variscan very low-grade metamorphism in southwest England: A diastathermal and thrust-related origin Journal of Metamorphic Geology 9 751–764 10.1111/j.1525-1314.1991.tb00563.x.Google Scholar
Warr, L.N. Greiling, R.O. and Zachrisson, E., (1996) Thrustrelated very low grade metamorphism in the marginal part of an orogenic wedge, Scandinavian Caledonides Tectonics 15 1213–1229 10.1029/96TC00983.Google Scholar
Won, C.K. and Lee, D.-S., (1987) Triassic to Paleogene igneous rocks Geology of Korea Seoul Geological Society of Korea, Kyohak-Sa 313–326.Google Scholar