Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-hc48f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T08:05:54.543Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Layer-Charge Characteristics of Smectite in Thai Vertisols

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

Natthapol Chittamart ,
Anchalee Suddhiprakarn ,
Irb Kheoruenromne  and
Robert J. Gilkes
Natthapol Chittamart
Affiliation:
Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
Anchalee Suddhiprakarn*
Affiliation:
Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
Irb Kheoruenromne
Affiliation:
Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
Robert J. Gilkes
Affiliation:
School of Earth and Environment, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
*
* E-mail address of corresponding author: agrals@ku.ac.th
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The fertility of soils with respect to K+ and NH4+ is often difficult to measure, but is essential for achieving effective agronomic practices. This problem is especially important in the Vertisols of Thailand. The purpose of the study reported here was to characterize the composition and layer-charge behavior of Thai Vertisols in order to understand better their K+ and NH4+ fertility. Topsoil and subsoil clay of 12 representative highly smectitic Vertisols from Thailand were studied. Interlayer swelling of smectite with alkylammonium cations, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and chemical composition were determined. These data and the re-expansion on glycerol treatment of Li-saturated, heated smectite demonstrated that high-charge, Fe-rich beidellite is the major clay mineral in these soils. The beidellite has a heterogeneous layer-charge distribution as measured by the alkylammonium method, with mean values ranging from 0.43 to 0.62 charges per half unit cell. The layer charge determined by CEC and structural formula methods for some almost pure smectites is smaller (0.32–0.54) and greater (0.46–0.69), respectively, than determined by the alkylammonium method. The structural formulae of beidellite confirm that the layer charge originates mostly in the tetrahedral sheet.

Keywords

Layer-Charge CharacterizationHigh-charge Fe-rich BeidelliteSmectite PropertiesVertisolsTropical SoilsThailand
Type
Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 58 , Issue 2 , April 2010 , pp. 247 - 262
Copyright
Copyright © Clays and Clay Minerals 2010

References

Badraoui, M. and Bloom, P.R., 1990 Iron-rich high-charge beidellite in Vertisols and Mollisols of the High Chaouia region of Morocco Soil Science Society of America Journal 54 267–274 10.2136/sssaj1990.03615995005400010043x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Badraoui, M. Bloom, P.R. and Rust, R.H., 1987 Occurrence of high charge beidellite in a Vertic Haplaquoll of northwestern Minnesota Soil Science Society of America Journal 51 813–818 10.2136/sssaj1987.03615995005100030044x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bajwa, M.I., 1981 Soil beidellite and its relation to problems of potassium fertility and poor response to potassium fertilizers Plant and Soil 62 299–303 10.1007/BF02374093.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bajwa, M.I., 1981 Soil clay mineralogy in relation to fertility management: Effect of soil clay mineral composition on potassium fixation under conditions of upland rice Fertilizer Research 2 193–197 10.1007/BF01834812.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Borchardt, G.A., Dixon, J.B. Weed, S.B., 1989 Smectites Minerals in Soil Environments Madison, Wisconsin, USA Soil Science Society of America 675–727.Google Scholar
Bouabid, R. Badraoui, M. and Bloom, P.R., 1991 Potassium fixation and charge characteristics of soil clays Soil Science Society of America Journal 55 1493–1498 10.2136/sssaj1991.03615995005500050049x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bouabid, R. Badraoui, M. Bloom, P.R. and Danianes, M., 1996 The nature of smectites and associated interstratified minerals in soils of the Gharb plain of Morocco European Journal of Soil Science 47 165–174 10.1111/j.1365-2389.1996.tb01387.x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brindley, G.W. and Brown, G., 1980 Crystal Structure of Clay minerals and their X-ray Identification 10.1180/mono-5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, G. Newman, A.C.D. Rayner, J.H. Weir, A.H., Greenland, D.J. Hayes, M.H.B., 1978 The structures and chemistry of soil clay minerals The Chemistry of Soil Constituents London John Wiley and Sons 29–129.Google Scholar
Bühman, C. and Schoeman, J.L., 1995 A mineralogical characterization of Vertisols from the northern regions of the Republic of South Africa Geoderma 66 239–257 10.1016/0016-7061(94)00080-T.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chaipanich, P., 1988 Genesis, Distribution and Geomorphology of Vertisols in Mae Klong Basin .Google Scholar
Cremers, A. and Pleysier, J., 1973 Chemistry-co-ordination of silver-thiourea-montmorillonite Nature. Physical Science 244 94.Google Scholar
Gee, G.W. Bauder, J.W., Klute, A., 1986 Particle-size analysis Methods of Soil Analysis, Part I: Physical and Mineralogical Methods 383–411.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greene-Kelly, R., 1953 Irreversible dehydration in montmor-illonite Clay Minerals Bulletin 2 53–56.Google Scholar
Greene-Kelly, R., 1955 Dehydration of montmorillonite minerals Mineralogical Magazine 30 604–615 10.1180/minmag.1955.030.228.06.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guggenheim, S. Adams, J.M. Bain, D.C. Bergaya, F. Brigatti, M.F. Drits, V. Formoso, M.L. Galán, E. Kogure, T. and Stanjek, H., 2006 Summary of recommendations of nomenclature committees relevant to clay mineralogy: report of the Association International pour l’Etude des Argiles (AIPEA) Nomenclature Committee for 2006 Clays and Clay Minerals 54 761–772 10.1346/CCMN.2006.0540610.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jaynes, W.F. and Bigham, J.M., 1987 Charge reduction, octahedral charge, and lithium retention in heated, Li-saturated smectites Clays and Clay Minerals 35 440–448 10.1346/CCMN.1987.0350604.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kosayodom, K., 1986 The Chemical and Mineralogical Properties of Vertisols in Lop Buri Province .Google Scholar
Kunze, G.W. Dixon, J.B., Klute, A., 1986 Pretreatments for mineralogical analysis Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 1: Physical and Mineralogical methods 2nd edition 91–100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lagaly, G., Mermut, A.R., 1994 Layer charge determination by alkylammonium ions Layer Charge Characteristics of 2:1 Silicate Clay Minerals 1–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laird, D.A., Mermut, A.R., 1994 Evaluation of the structural formula and alkylammonium methods of determining layer charge Layer Charge Characteristics of 2:1 Silicate Clay Minerals 80–103.Google Scholar
Laird, D.A. Scott, A.D. and Fenton, T.E., 1987 Interpretation of alkylammonium characterization of soil clays Soil Science Society of America Journal 51 1659–1663 10.2136/sssaj1987.03615995005100060046x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Malla, P.B. and Douglas, L.A., 1987 Layer charge properties of smectites and vermiculites: tetrahedral vs. octahedral Soil Science Society of America Journal 51 1362–1366 10.2136/sssaj1987.03615995005100050048x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Malla, P.B. and Douglas, L.A., 1987 Problems in identification of montmorillonite and beidellite Clays and Clay Minerals 35 232–236 10.1346/CCMN.1987.0350310.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Malla, P.B., Dixon, J.B. Schulze, D.G., 2002 Vermiculite Soil Mineralogy with Environmental Applications Madison, Wisconsin, USA Soil Science Society of America, Inc. 501–529.Google Scholar
Manceau, A. Lanson, B. Drits, V.A. Chateigner, D. Wu, J. Huo, D. Gates, W.P. and Stucki, J.W., 2000 Oxidation-reduction mechanism of iron in dioctahedral smectites. 2. Structural chemistry of reduced Garfield nontronite American Mineralogist 85 153–172 10.2138/am-2000-0115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Math, S.K.N. and Murthy, A.S.P., 1994 Occurrence of iron-rich high-charge beidellite in Vertisols of the Deccan plateau of India Applied Clay Science 9 303–316 10.1016/0169-1317(94)90007-8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mehra, O.P. and Jackson, M.L., 1960 Iron oxide removal from soils and clays by a dithionite-citrate system buffered with sodium bicarbonate Clays and Clay Minerals 7 317–327 10.1346/CCMN.1958.0070122.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mermut, A.R. and Lagaly, G., 2001 Baseline studies of the Clay Minerals Society source clays: Layer charge determination and characteristics of those minerals containing 2:1 layers Clays and Clay Minerals 49 393–397 10.1346/CCMN.2001.0490506.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mikutta, R. Kleber, M. Kaiser, K. and Jahn, R., 2005 Organic matter removal from soils using hydrogen peroxide, sodium hypochlorite, and disodium peroxodisulfate Soil Science Society of America Journal 69 120–135 10.2136/sssaj2005.0120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moore, D.M. and Reynolds, RC Jr., 1997 X-ray Diffraction and the Identification and Analysis of Clay Minerals New York Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
National Soil Survey Center, 1996 Soil Survey Laboratory Methods Manual .Google Scholar
Nelson, D.W. Sommers, L.E., Sparks, D.L. Page, A.L. Helmke, P.A. Loeppert, R.H. Soltanpour, P.N. Tabatabai, M.A. Johnston, C.T. and Sumner, M.E., 1996 Total carbon, organic carbon, and organic matter Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 3: Chemical Methods 961–1010.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olis, A.C. Malla, P.B. and Douglas, L.A., 1990 The rapid estimation of the layer charges of 2:1 expanding clays from a single alkylammonium ion expansion Clay Minerals 25 39–50 10.1180/claymin.1990.025.1.05.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ozkan, A.I. and Ross, G.J., 1979 Ferruginous beidellites in Turkish soils Soil Science Society of America Journal 45 1242–1248 10.2136/sssaj1979.03615995004300060039x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pai, C.W. Wang, M.K. Wang, W.M. and Houng, K.H., 1999 Smectites in iron-rich calcareous soil and black soils of Taiwan Clays and Clay Minerals 47 389–398 10.1346/CCMN.1999.0470401.Google Scholar
Panichapong, S., 1982 Distribution, characteristics and utilization of problem soil in Thailand Tropical Agriculture Research Series No 13 Japan Tropical Agricultural Research Center 83–92.Google Scholar
Pleysier, J. and Cremers, A., 1975 Stability of silver-thiourea complexes in montmorillonite clay Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions 1 71 256–264 10.1039/f19757100256.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rayment, G.E. and Higginson, F.R., 1992 Australian Laboratory Handbook of Soil and Water Chemical Methods: Australian Soil and Land Survey Handbook Melbourne, Australia Inkata.Google Scholar
Righi, D. Terribile, F. and Petit, S., 1995 Low-charge to high-charge beidellite conversion in a Vertisol from south Italy Clays and Clay Minerals 43 495–502 10.1346/CCMN.1995.0430414.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Righi, D. Terribile, F. and Petit, S., 1998 Pedogenic formation of high-charge beidellite in a Vertisol of Sardinia (Italy) Clays and Clay Minerals 46 167–177 10.1346/CCMN.1998.0460207.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rühlicke, G. and Kohier, E.E., 1981 A simplified method for determining layer charge by the n-alkylammonium method Clay Minerals 16 305–307 10.1180/claymin.1981.016.3.08.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rühlicke, G. and Neiderbudde, E.A., 1985 Determination of layer charge density of expandable 2:1 clay minerals in soils and loess sediments using the alkylammonium method Clay Minerals 20 291–300 10.1180/claymin.1985.020.3.02.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schafer, W.M. and Singer, M.J., 1976 A new method of measuring shrink-swell potential using soil pastes Soil Science Society of America Journal 40 805–806 10.2136/sssaj1976.03615995004000050050x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Searle, P.L., 1986 The measurement of soil cation exchange properties using the single extraction, silver-thiourea method: an evaluation using a range of New Zealand soils Australian Journal of Soil Research 24 193–200 10.1071/SR9860193.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Senkayi, A.L. Dixon, J.B. Hossher, L.R. and Kippenberger, L.A., 1985 Layer charge evaluation of expandable soil clays by an alkylammonium method Soil Science Society of America Journal 49 1054–1060 10.2136/sssaj1985.03615995004900040052x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Singh, B. and Heffernan, S., 2002 Layer charge characteristics of smectites from Vertosols (Vertisols) of New South Wales Australian Journal of Soil Research 40 1159–1170 10.1071/SR02017.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Soil Survey Staff, 1999 Soil Taxonomy: A Basic System of Soil Classification for Making and Interpreting Soil Surveys 2nd edition Washington, DC USDA-NRCS, US Government Printing Office.Google Scholar
Stanjek, H. and Friedrich, R., 1986 The determination of layer charge by curve-fitting of Lorentz- and polarization corrected X-ray diagrams Clay Minerals 21 183–190 10.1180/claymin.1986.021.2.07.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stanjek, H. Niederbudde, E.A. and Häusler, W., 1992 Improved evaluation of layer charge of n-alkylammonium- treated fine soil clays by Lorentz- and polarization and curve-fitting Clay Minerals 27 3–19 10.1180/claymin.1992.027.1.02.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stucki, J.W. and Kostka, J.E., 2006 Microbial reduction of iron in smectite Comptes Rendus Geosciences 338 468–475 10.1016/j.crte.2006.04.010.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stucki, J.W. Golden, D.C. and Roth, C.B., 1984 Effects of reduction and reoxidation of structural iron on the surface charge and dissolution of dioctahedral smectites Clays and Clay Minerals 32 350–356 10.1346/CCMN.1984.0320502.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tessier, D. and Pedro, G., 1987 Mineralogical characterization of 2:1 clay in soils: Importance of the clay texture Proceedings of the International Clay Conference, Denver, Colorado. 78–84.Google Scholar
Vijarnsorn, P., 1982 The Vertisols of Thailand Bangkok Soil Survey Division, Land Development Department.Google Scholar
Walker, G.F., 1958 Reactions of expanding-lattice clay minerals with glycerol and ethylene glycol Clay Minerals Bulletin 3 302–313 10.1180/claymin.1958.003.20.05.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weir, A.H., 1965 Potassium retention in montmorillonites Clay Minerals 6 17–22 10.1180/claymin.1965.006.1.03.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whittig, L.D. Allardice, W.R. and Klute, A., 1986 X-ray Diffraction Techniques Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 1: Physical and Mineralogical Methods Madison, Wisconsin, USA American Society of Agronomy, Inc. 331–362.Google Scholar
Wilson, M.J., 1999 The origin and formation of clay minerals in soils: past, present and future perspectives Clay Minerals 34 7–25 10.1180/000985599545957.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wolters, F. Lagaly, G. Kahr, G. Nueesch, R. and Emmerich, K., 2009 A comprehensive characterization of dioctahedral smectites Clays and Clay Minerals 57 115–133 10.1346/CCMN.2009.0570111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar