Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gvvz8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T10:59:53.323Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Letter to the Editor on Fougerite

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

B. C. Christiansen ,
K. Dideriksen ,
L. L. Skovbjerg ,
S. Nedel  and
S. L. S. Stipp
B. C. Christiansen*
Affiliation:
Nano-Science Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
K. Dideriksen
Affiliation:
Nano-Science Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
L. L. Skovbjerg
Affiliation:
Nano-Science Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
S. Nedel
Affiliation:
Nano-Science Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
S. L. S. Stipp
Affiliation:
Nano-Science Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
*
* E-mail address of corresponding author: bochr@nano.ku.dk
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Fougerite (IMA 2003-057) was accepted by the Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names of the International Mineralogical Association (IMA) in 2004 as a new mineral to represent the green rust (GR) family. The data on which it was approved, however, are inconsistent. X-ray diffraction patterns from the Fougères soils contain no peaks that could meaningfully be attributed to a GR phase. The sequential dissolution procedure used to identify GR in the soils was not rigorously tested for selectivity. If indeed it is selective, the results indicate the presence of 40–78% Fe in minerals other than GR. Other Fe-bearing phases were not included in the interpretation of the spectroscopy data that were presented. The data are consistent with the presence of Fe-bearing clays and other silicate minerals. In light of the ambiguous and conflicting data, we recommend that the case for fougerite as a mineral be re-evaluated by the IMA.

Keywords

FougeriteGreen RustIMA 2003-057Mineral Ambiguity
Type
Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 59 , Issue 1 , February 2011 , pp. 3 - 9
Copyright
Copyright © The Clay Minerals Society 2011

References

Abdelmoula, M. Trolard, F. Bourrié, G. and Génin, J-MR, 1997 Evidence for the Fe(II)-Fe(III) Green Rust Fougerite mineral occurence in the hydromorphic soil and its transformation with depth Hyperfine Interactions 112 235–238 10.1023/A:1010802508927.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Acebal, S.G. Mijovilovich, A. Rueda, E.H. Aguirre, M.E. and Saragovi, C., 2000 Iron-oxide mineralogy of a Mollisol from Argentina: A study by selective-dissolution techniques, X-ray diffraction, and Mössbauerspectroscopy Clays and Clay Minerals 48 322–330 10.1346/CCMN.2000.0480303.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Acebal, S.G. Aguirre, M.E. Santamaría, R.M. Mijovilovich, A. Petrick, S. and Saragovi, C., 2003 Selective dissolution techniques, X-ray diffraction and Mössbauerspectroscopy studies of forms of Fe in particle-size fractions of an Entic Haplustoll Hyperfine Interactions V148-149 3–12 10.1023/B:HYPE.0000003758.14157.df.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Borggaard, O.K., Stucki, J.W. Goodman, B.A. Schwertmann, U., 1988 Phase identification by selective dissolution techniques Iron in Soils and Clay Minerals Dordrecht, The Netherlands D. Reidel Publishing Company 351–396.Google Scholar
Bourrié, G. Trolard, F. Genin, J-MR Jaffrezic, A. Maitre, V. and Abdelmoula, M., 1999 Iron control by equilibria between hydroxy-Green Rusts and solutions in hydromorphic soils Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 63 3417–3427 10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00262-8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brigatti, M.F. Lugli, C. Cibin, G. Marcelli, A. Giuli, G. Paris, E. Mottana, A. and Wu, Z., 2000 Reduction and sorption of chromium by Fe(II)-bearing phyllosilicates: chemical treatments and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) studies Clays and Clay Minerals 48 272–281. 10.1346/CCMN.2000.0480214.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burke, E.A.J. and Ferraris, G., 2004 New minerals approved in 2003 and nomenclature modifications approved in 2003 by the Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names, International Mineralogical Association American Mineralogist 29 1566–1573.Google Scholar
Cardile, C. Childs, C. and Whitton, J., 1987 The effect of citrate bicarbonate dithionite treatment on standard and soil smectites as evidenced by 57Fe Mössbauers pectroscopy Australian Journal of Soil Research 25 145–154 10.1071/SR9870145.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Christiansen, B.C. Balic-Zunic, T. Dideriksen, K. and Stipp, S.L.S., 2009 Identification of Green Rust in groundwater Environmental Science and Technology 43 3436–3441 10.1021/es8011047.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Christiansen, B.C. Balic-Zunic, T. Petit, P.O. Frandsen, C. Mørup, S. Geckeis, H. Katerinopoulou, A. and Stipp, S.L.S., 2009 Composition and structure of an ironbearing, layered double hydroxide (LDH)-Green rust sodium sulphate Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 73 3579–3592 10.1016/j.gca.2009.03.032.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cornell, R.M. and Schwertmann, U., 2003 The Iron Oxides. Structure, Properties, Reactions, Occurrences and Uses Weinheim, Germany Wiley-VCN Verlag GmbH & Co.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dainyak, L. Drits, V. and Lindgreen, H., 2004 Computer simulation of octahedral cation distribution and interpretation of the Mössbauer Fe2+ components in dioctahedral trans-vacant micas European Journal of Mineralogy 16 451–468 10.1127/0935-1221/2004/0016-0451.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Diamant, A. Pasternak, M. and Banin, A., 1982 Characterization of adsorbed iron in montmorillonite by Mössbauerspectroscopy Clays and Clay Minerals 30 63–66 10.1346/CCMN.1982.0300108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Drissi, H. Refait, P. Abdelmoula, M. and Génin, J-MR, 1995 The preparation and thermodynamic properties of Fe(II)-Fe(III) hydroxide-carbonate (Green Rust 1); Pourbaix diagram of iron in carbonate-containing aqueous media Corrosion Science 37 2025–2041 10.1016/0010-938X(95)00096-3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ekosse, G., 2000 The Makoro kaolin deposit, southeastern Botswana: its genesis and possible industrial applications Applied Clay Science 16 301–320 10.1016/S0169-1317(99)00059-9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Feder, F. Trolard, F. Klingelhofer, G. and Bourrié, G., 2005 In situ Mössbauer spectroscopy: Evidence for green rust (fougerite) in a gleysol and its mineralogical transformations with time and depth Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 69 4463–4483 10.1016/j.gca.2005.03.042.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ferrow, E.A., 2002 Experimental weathering of biotite, muscovite and vermiculite: a Mössbauerspectroscopy study European Journal of Mineralogy 14 85–95 10.1127/0935-1221/2002/0014-0085.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frost, R.L., 1995 Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy of kaolinite, dickite and halloysite Clays and Clay Minerals 43 191–195 10.1346/CCMN.1995.0430206.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frost, R.L., 1997 The structure of the kaolinite minerals — a FT-Raman study Clay Minerals 32 65–77 10.1180/claymin.1997.032.1.08.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Génin, J-MR Olowe, A.A. Refait, P. and Simon, L., 1996 On the stoichiometry and Pourbaix diagram of Fe(II)-Fe(III) hydroxyl-sulphate or sulphate containing Green Rust. 2: an electrochemical and Mössbauerspectroscopy study Corrosion Science 38 1751–1762 10.1016/S0010-938X(96)00072-8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Génin, J-MR Bourrié, G. Trolard, F. Abdelmoula, M. Jaffrezic, A. Refait, P. Maitre, V. and Herbillon, A., 1998 Thermodynamic equilibria in aqueous suspensions of synthetic and natural Fe(II)-Fe(III) Green Rusts: Occurrences of the mineral in hydromorphic soils Environmental Science and Technology 32 1058–1068 10.1021/es970547m.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hansen, H.C.B. and Rives, V., 2001 Environmental chemistry of iron(II)- iron(III) LDHs (Green Rusts) Layered Double Hydroxides: Present and Future New York Nova Science Publishers, Inc. 469–493.Google Scholar
Heller-Kallai, L. and Rozenson, I., 1981 The use of Mössbauer spectroscopy of iron in clay mineralogy Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 7 223–238 10.1007/BF00311893.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jefferson, D.A. Tricker, M.J. and Winterbottom, A.P., 1975 Electron-microscopic and Mössbauers pectroscopic studies of iron-stained kaolinite minerals Clays and Clay Minerals 23 355–360 10.1346/CCMN.1975.0230505.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jonin, M., 1973 Les différents types granitiques de la Mancellia et l’unité du batholite manceau (Massif armoricain) Comptes Rendus hebdomadaires de séances de l’Académie des Sciences. Series D, Sciences Naturelle 277 281–284.Google Scholar
Kanket, W. Suddhiprakarn, A. Kheoruenromne, I. and Gilkes, R.J., 2005 Chemical and crystallographic properties of kaolin from Ultisols in Thailand Clays and Clay Minerals 53 478–489 10.1346/CCMN.2005.0530505.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Manceau, A. Bonnin, D. Kaiser, P. and Fretigny, C., 1988 Polarized exafs of biotite and chlorite Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 16 180–185 10.1007/BF00203202.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Manceau, A. Drits, V.A. Lanson, B. Chateigner, D. Wu, J. Huo, D. Gates, W.P. and Stucki, J.W., 2000 Oxidationreduction mechanism of iron in dioctahedral smectites: II. Crystal chemistry of reduced Garfield nontronite American Mineralogist 85 153–172 10.2138/am-2000-0115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mitchell, B.D. Smith, B.F.L. and De Endredy, A.S., 1971 Effect of buffered sodium dithionite solution and ultrasonic agitation on soil clays Israel Journal of Chemistry 9 45–52 10.1002/ijch.197100007.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moore, D.M. and Reynolds, R.C., 1997 X-ray Diffraction and the Identification and Analysis of Clay Minerals New York Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Murad, E., 1998 Clays and clay minerals: What can Mössbauerspect roscopy do to help understand them? Hyperfine Interactions 117 39–70 10.1023/A:1012635124874.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murad, E. and Wagner, U., 1994 The Mössbauerspectr um of illite Clay Minerals 29 1–10 10.1180/claymin.1994.029.1.01.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O’Day, P.A. Rivera, N Jr. Root, R. and Carroll, S.A., 2004 X-ray absorption spectroscopic study of Fe reference compounds forth e analysis of natural sediments American Mineralogist 89 572–585 10.2138/am-2004-0412.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Refait, P. Abdelmoula, M. Trolard, F. Génin, J-MR Ehrhardt, J.J. and Bourrié, G., 2001 Mössbauerand XAS study of a green rust mineral; the partial substitution of Fe2+ by Mg2+ American Mineralogist 86 731–739 10.2138/am-2001-5-613.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Refait, P. Abdelmoula, M. and Génin, J-MR, 1998 Mechanisms of formation and structure of green rust one in aqueous corrosion of iron in the presence of chloride ions Corrosion Science 40 1547–1560 10.1016/S0010-938X(98)00066-3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Refait, P. Drissi, S.H. Pytkiewicz, J. and Génin, J-MR, 1997 The anionic species competition in iron aqueous corrosion: Role of various green rust compounds Corrosion Science 39 1699–1710 10.1016/S0010-938X(97)00076-0.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sontevska, V. Jovanovski, G. and Makreski, P., 2007 Minerals from Macedonia Part XIX. Vibrational spectroscopy as identificational tool forsome sheet silicate minerals. Journal of Molecular Structure 834-836 318–327.Google Scholar
Trolard, F., 2006 Fougerite: From field experiment to the homologation of the mineral Comptes Rendus Geosciences 338 1158–1166 10.1016/j.crte.2006.08.003.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Trolard, F. and Bourrié, G., 2008 Geochemistry of green rusts and fougerite: a reevaluation of Fe-cycle in soils Advances in Agronomy 99 227–288 10.1016/S0065-2113(08)00405-7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Trolard, F. Abdelmoula, M. Bourrié, G. Humbert, B. and Genin, J-MR, 1996 Evidence of the occurrence of a “Green Rust” component in hydromorphic soils. Proposition of the existence of a new mineral: “Fougerite” Comptes Rendus De L Academie Des Sciences Serie Ii Fascicule A -Sciences De La Terre Et Des Planetes 323 1015–1022.Google Scholar
Trolard, F. Génin, J-MR Abdelmoula, M. Bourrié, G. Humbert, B. and Herbillon, A., 1997 Identification of a green rust mineral in a reductomorphic soil by Mössbauer and Raman spectroscopies Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 61 1107–1111 10.1016/S0016-7037(96)00381-X.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Trolard, F. Bourrié, G. Abdelmoula, M. Refait, P. and Feder, F., 2007 Fougerite, a new mineral of the pyroaurite—iowaite group: description and crystal structure Clays and Clay Minerals 55 323–334 10.1346/CCMN.2007.0550308.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vantelon, D. Montarges-Pelletier, E. Michot, L.J. Briois, V. Pelletier, M. and Thomas, F., 2003 Iron distribution in the octahedral sheet of dioctahedral smectites An FeK-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy study. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 30 44–53.Google Scholar