Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gbm5v Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-28T06:08:29.710Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Micaceous Occlusions in Kaolinite Observed by Ultramicrotomy and High Resolution Electron Microscopy

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 July 2024

S. Y. Lee ,
M. L. Jackson  and
J. L. Brown
S. Y. Lee
Affiliation:
Department of Soil Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, U.S.A.
M. L. Jackson*
Affiliation:
Department of Soil Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, U.S.A.
J. L. Brown*
Affiliation:
Analytical Instrumentation Laboratories, Engineering Experiment Station, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, U.S.A.
*
*Post-Doctoral Associate and Franklin H. King Professor of Soil Science, respectively.
†Director.
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The layer structure of kaolinite from Twiggs, Georgia and fire-clay type kaolinite (Frantex B, from France), particle size separates 2–0·2 μm was studied by high resolution electron microscopy after embedment in Spurr low-viscosity Epoxy media and thin sectioning normal to the (001) planes by an ultramicrotome. Images of the (001) planes (viewed edge-on) of both kaolinites were spaced at 7 Å and generally aligned in parallel, with occasional bending into more widely spaced images of about 10 Å interval. Some of the 10 Å images converged to 7 Å at one or both ends, forming ellipse-shaped islands 80 to 130 Å thick and 300 to 500 Å long. The island areas and interleaved 10 Å layers between 7 Å layers may represent a residue of incomplete weathering of mica to kaolinite.

The proportions of micaccous occlusions were too small and the layer sequences too irregular to be detected by X-ray diffraction. The lateral continuity of the layers through the 7-10-7 Å sequence in a kaolinite particle would partially interrupt or prevent expansion in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and other kaolinite intercalating media. Discrete mica particles were also observed with parallel images at 10 Å, as impurities in both kaolinites. The small K content of the chemical analyses of the kaolinite samples is accounted for as interlayer K, not only in discrete mica particles but also in the micaceous occlusions.

Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 23 , Issue 2 , April 1975 , pp. 125 - 129
Copyright
Copyright © 1975, The Clay Minerals Society

References

Altschuler, Z. S. Dwornik, E. J. and Kramer, H., (1963) Transformation of montmorillonite to kaolinite during weathering Science 141 148–152.10.1126/science.141.3576.148CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Barclay, L. M. and Thompson, D. W., (1969) Electron microscopy of sodium montmorillonite Nature, Lond. 222 263.10.1038/222263a0CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bates, T. F., (1964) Geology and mineralogy of the sedimentary kaolins of the Southeastern United States Clays and Clay Minerals 12 177–194.Google Scholar
Brown, J. L. and Jackson, M. L., (1973) Chlorite examination by ultramicrotomy and high resolution electron microscopy Clays and Clay Minerals 21 1–7.10.1346/CCMN.1973.0210102CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, J. L. and Rich, C. I., (1968) High resolution electron microscopy of muscovite Science 161 1135–1137.10.1126/science.161.3846.1135CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Conley, R. F., (1966) Statistical distribution patterns of particle size and shape in the Georgia kaolins Clays and Clay Minerals 14 317–330.10.1346/CCMN.1966.0140128CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chute, J. H. and Armitage, T. M., (1968) Alteration of clay minerals by electron irradiation Clay Minerals 7 455–457.10.1180/claymin.1968.007.4.10CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dixon, J. B. and McKee, T. R., (1974) Internal and external morphology of tubular and spheroidal halloysite particles Clays and Clay Minerals 22 127–137.10.1346/CCMN.1974.0220118CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jackson, M. L., (1965) Clay transformation in soil genesis during the Quaternary Soil Sci. 94 15–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jackson, M. L., (1969) Soil Chemical Analysis—Advanced Course. 2nd Edition Madison Published by the author, Department of Soil Science, University of Wisconsin.Google Scholar
Jonas, E. C., (1964) Petrology of the Dry Branch, Georgia, kaolin deposits Clays and Clay Minerals 12 199–207.Google Scholar
Lee, S. Y. Jackson, M. L. and Brown, J. L., (1972) Micaceous vermiculite domains in kaolinite observed by ultramicrotomy and high resolution electron microscopy Abstracts, 21st Clay Minerals Conf. Massachusetts Woods Hole.Google Scholar
Lee, S. Y. Jackson, M. L. and Brown, J. L., (1973) Micaceous vermiculite, glauconite, and mixed-layered kao-linite-montmorillonite examination by ultramicrotomy and high resolution electron microscopy Agronomy Abstracts Madison, Wisconsin American Society of Agronomy 150.Google Scholar
McKee, T. R. Dixon, J. B. Harling, D. F. and Whitehouse, U. G., (1974) Internal calibration of lattice resolution electron micrographs Abstracts, 23rd Clay Minerals Conf. .Google Scholar
Range, K. J. Range, A. and Weiss, A., (1969) Fire-clay kaolinite or fire-clay mineral? Experimental classification of kaolinite-halloysite minerals Proc 3rd Int. Clay Conf. 1 3–13.Google Scholar
Robertson, R. H. S. Brindley, G. W. and Mackenzie, R. C., (1954) Mineralogy of the kaolin clays from Pugu, Tanganyika Am. Miner. 39 118–139.Google Scholar
Sayin, M. Jackson, M. L. and Syers, J. K., (1971) Anatase isolation from kaolinites by hydrofluotitanic acid and heavy liquids Abstracts, 20th Clay Minerals Conf. 36.Google Scholar
Suito, E. Arakawa, M. and Yoshida, T., (1969) Electron microscopic observation of the layer of organo-montmorillonite Proc. 3rd Int. Clay Conf. (Tokyo) 1 757–763.Google Scholar
Thomas, G., (1962) Transmission Electron Microscopy of Metals New York Wiley.Google Scholar
Uyeda, N. Hang, P. T. and Brindley, G. W., (1973) The nature of garnierites-II. Electron-optical study Clays and Clay Minerals 21 41–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wada, K. Yoshinaga, N. Yotsumoto, H. Ibe, K. and Aida, S., (1970) High resolution electron micrographs of imogolite Clay Minerals 8 487–489.10.1180/claymin.1970.008.4.11CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yada, K., (1967) Study of chrysotile asbestos by a high resolution electron microscope Acta Cryst. 23 704–707.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yoshida, T., (1973) Elementary layers in the interstratified clay minerals as revealed by electron microscopy Clays and Clay Minerals 21 413–420.10.1346/CCMN.1973.0210517CrossRefGoogle Scholar