Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-lj6df Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-13T11:12:27.806Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Nature of the Illitic Phase Associated with Randomly Interstratified Smectite/Illite in Soils

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2024

D. A. Laird  and
E. A. Nater
D. A. Laird
Affiliation:
D. A. Laird, USDA-ARS, National Soil Tilth Laboratory 2150 Pammel Drive, Ames, Iowa 50011
E. A. Nater
Affiliation:
E. A. Nater, Department of Soil Science, University of Minnesota 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

A dispersion-centrifugation-decantation procedure was used to isolate various particle size fractions from a sample of clay (<2 µm fraction) separated by sedimentation from the Ap horizon of a Webster soil (fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Typic Haplaquoll). The 0.02–0.06 µm size fraction was found to be enriched in an illitic phase associated with randomly interstratified smectite/illite. X-ray powder diffraction, chemical analysis, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy confirmed that most of the illitic material in the 0.02–0.06 µm size fraction was composed of two-layer elementary illite particles with a layer charge of −0.47 per formula unit. The results demonstrate that this low-charge illitic phase can be physically separated from soil materials and that the low-charge illitic phase has chemical, morphological, and mineralogical properties that are uniquely different from those of smectite and illite.

Keywords

Chemical analysisElementary particleHigh-resolution transmission electron microscopyIlliteInterstratifiedSmectiteSmectite/illite
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 41 , Issue 3 , June 1993 , pp. 280 - 287
Copyright
Copyright © 1993, The Clay Minerals Society

Footnotes

*

Joint contribution of the USDA-ARS and the Minnesota Agricultural Experimental Station. Paper 19,786 of the Scientific Journal Series.

References

Ahn, J. H. and Peacor, D. R., 1986 Transmission electron microscope data for rectorite: Implications for the origin and structure of “fundamental particles” Clays & Clay Minerals 34 180 – 186 10.1346/CCMN.1986.0340208.Google Scholar
Bailey, S. W., Brindley, G. W., Kodama, H. and Martin, R. T., 1982 Report of the Clay Minerals Society Nomenclature Committee for 1980 and 1981: Nomenclature for regular interstratifications Clays & Clay Minerals 30 76 – 78 10.1346/CCMN.1982.0300111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barak, P., Molina, J A E Hadas, A. and Clapp, C. E., 1990 Optimization of an ecological model with the Marquardt algorithm Ecol. Modell. 51 251 – 263 10.1016/0304-3800(90)90069-S.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bevington, P. R., 1969 Data Reduction and Error Analysis for the Physical Sciences New York McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Jackson, M. L., (1985) Soil Chemical Analysis—Advanced Course: 2nd ed., M. L. Jackson, ed., Madison, Wisconsin, 100–166.Google Scholar
Jackson, M. L., Lim, C. H., Zelazny, L. W. and Klute, A., 1986 Oxides, hydroxides, and aluminosilicates Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 1 Madison, Wisconsin Soil Sci. Soc. Am. 101 – 150.Google Scholar
Kunze, G. W., Dixon, J. B. and Klute, A., 1986 Pretreatment for mineralogical analysis Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 1 Madison, Wisconsin Soil Sci. Soc. Am. 91 – 100.Google Scholar
Laird, D. A., Scott, A. D. and Fenton, T. E., 1987 Interpretation of alkylammonium characterization of soil clays Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 51 1659 – 1663 10.2136/sssaj1987.03615995005100060046x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laird, D. A., Thompson, M. L. and Scott, A. D., 1989 Technique for transmission electron microscopy and X-ray powder diffraction analyses of the same clay mineral specimen Clays & Clay Minerals 37 280 – 282 10.1346/CCMN.1989.0370313.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laird, D. A., Barak, P., Nater, E. A. and Dowdy, R. H., 1991 Chemistry of smectitic and illitic phases in interstratified soil smectite Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 55 1499 – 1504 10.2136/sssaj1991.03615995005500050050x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laird, D. A., Dowdy, R. H. and Munter, R. C., 1991 Suspension nebulization analysis of clays by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 55 274 – 278 10.2136/sssaj1991.03615995005500010047x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mackintosh, E. E. and Lewis, D. G., 1968 Displacement of potassium from micas by dodecylammonium chloride Trans. Int. Congr. Soil Sci. 9th. 2 695 – 703.Google Scholar
Nadeau, P. H., Tait, J. M., McHardy, W. J. and Wilson, M. J., 1984 Interstratified XRD characteristics of physical mixtures of elementary clay particles Clay Miner. 19 67 – 76 10.1180/claymin.1984.019.1.07.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nadeau, P. H., Wilson, M. J., McHardy, W. J. and Tait, J. M., 1984 Interstratified clays as fundamental particles Science 225 923 – 925 10.1126/science.225.4665.923.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reynolds, R. C. Jr., Brindley, G. W. and Brown, G., 1980 Interstratified clay minerals Crystal Structures of Clay Minerals and their X-Ray Identification London Mineralogical Society 249 – 303.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sawhney, B. L., Dixon, J. B. and Weed, S. B., 1989 Interstratification in layer silicates Minerals in Soil Environments Madison, Wisconsin Soil Sci. Soc. Am. 789 – 828.Google Scholar
Theissen, A. A. and Harward, M. E., 1962 A paste method for preparation of slides for clay mineral identification by X-ray diffraction Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 26 90 – 91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilson, M. J. and Schultz, L. G., 1987 Soil smectites and related interstratified minerals: Recent developments Int. Clay Conf, Denver, Colorado, 1985 Bloomington, Indiana Clay Minerals Society 167 – 173.Google Scholar