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Precipitation and Transformation of Secondary Fe Oxyhydroxides in a Histosol Impacted by Runoff from a Lead Smelter

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

Xiaodong Gao  and
Darrell G. Schulze
Xiaodong Gao*
Affiliation:
Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719-0038, USA
Darrell G. Schulze
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2054, USA
*
* E-mail address of corresponding author: xdgao@email.arizona.edu
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Abstract

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Secondary Fe(III) oxyhydroxides play a key role in controlling the mobility and bioavailability of trace metals in acidic, sulfate-rich soils, such as mining and smelter sites. Schwertmannite, jarosite, goethite, and ferrihydrite are the most common mineral phases identified in such soils. A good understanding of the precipitation and transformation of these minerals in soils is very important for predicting the mobility and long-term stability of trace metals associated with them. In the present study, bulk powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), synchrotron based micro- X-ray diffraction (µ-XRD), and micro X-ray fluorescence (µ-SXRF) spectroscopy were used to investigate precipitates fromthe surface horizon of an organic soil (Histosol) at a site that once contained a lead smelter. Soil samples were collected from 0 to ≈10 cm depth during both wet and dry seasons. Goethite and akaganeite were identified as the major mineral phases in this soil. Schwertmannite and jarosite were also occasionally identified, particularly in the soil samples from dry periods. The peaks in the akaganeite XRD pattern were significantly broadened and the relative intensities of some major peaks were distinctly different compared with the diffraction pattern of synthetic akaganeite, possibly due to the effects of pH and the incorporation of sulfate. The SEM and µ-XRD data support the hypothesis that the goethite in the precipitates is not the product of direct precipitation froms olution but the transformation of previously precipitated schwertmannite or akaganeite.

Keywords

AkaganeiteFe OxyhydroxidesGoethiteJarositePrecipitatationSchwertmanniteTrace MetalsTransformation
Type
Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 58 , Issue 3 , June 2010 , pp. 377 - 387
Copyright
Copyright © The Clay Minerals Society 2010

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