Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-p9bg8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T07:58:23.540Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Pretreatment Effects on the Catalytic Activity of Jordanian Bentonite

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

Sabri Mahmoud ,
Ayman Hammoudeh  and
Mousa Al-Noaimi
Sabri Mahmoud*
Affiliation:
Chemistry Department, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
Ayman Hammoudeh
Affiliation:
Chemistry Department, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
Mousa Al-Noaimi
Affiliation:
Chemistry Department, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
*
*E-mail address of corresponding author: smahmoud@yu.edu.jo
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

De-tert-butylation of 2-tert-butylphenol was carried out over thermally-treated and acid-treated Jordanian bentonite clay samples. This reaction was found to follow first-order kinetics for all clay samples with different pretreatment procedures. The apparent rate constant, k, was also determined, and found to depend on the pretreatment. Thermal pretreatment at temperatures up to 250°C has an enhancing effect on surface acid sites. The total surface acidity (Ho <4.8) and the concentration of strong acid sites peaked at 250°C. Also, as a result, the maximum catalyst activity was obtained with samples treated at this temperature. Acid pretreatment with 0.10 M HCl, 1.0 M H2SO4 or 1.0 M H3PO4, followed by thermal treatment at 250°C produced the best enhancement effect on the surface acidity and catalytic activity.

Keywords

AcidBentoniteButylphenolCatalystClayDebutylationMontmorilloniteThermal
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 51 , Issue 1 , February 2003 , pp. 52 - 57
Copyright
Copyright © 2003, The Clay Minerals Society

References

Adams, C. and Voge, H., (1957) Aging of silica-alumina cracking catalyst: II. Electron-microscope studies Journal of Physical Chemistry 61 722–727 10.1021/j150552a004.Google Scholar
Akama, H. Fujii, T. Nakajima, T. Kuno, K. Mishima, S. Suzuki, S. and Matuzaki, I., (1986) Quantum-chemical estimation of the acid strength of the acid-site position of the montmorillonite Chemistry Express 1 201 204.Google Scholar
Breen, C. and Moronta, A., (2000) Characterization and catalytic activity of aluminum-exchanged and aluminum/tetramethylammonium-exchanged bentonites Journal of Physical Chemistry B 104 2702–2708 10.1021/jp992602e.Google Scholar
Brown, I. Mackenzie, K. Bowden, M. and Meinhold, R., (1985) Outstanding problems in the kaolinite-mullite reaction sequence investigated by silicon-29 and aluminum-27 solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance: II. High-temperature transformations of metakaolinite Journal of the American Ceramic Society 68 298–301 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1985.tb15229.x.Google Scholar
Brunauer, S. Emmett, P. and Teller, E., (1938) Adsorption of gases in multimolecular layers Journal of the American Chemical Society 60 309–319 10.1021/ja01269a023.Google Scholar
Chitnis, S. and Sharma, M., (1997) Industrial application of acid-treated clays as catalysts Reactive and Functional Polymers 32 93–115 10.1016/S1381-5148(96)00074-0.Google Scholar
Haffad, D. Chambellan, A. and Lavalley, J., (1998) Characterization of acid-treated bentonite: Reactivity, FTIR study and Al-27 MAS NMR Catalysis Letters 54 227–233 10.1023/A:1019064930150.Google Scholar
Hattori, H. Miyashita, S. and Tanabe, K., (1971) Brönsted and Lewis acidity of solid nickel sulfate Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan 44 893–895 10.1246/bcsj.44.893.Google Scholar
Izumi, Y. Urabe, K. and Onaka, M., (1992) Zeolite, Clay and Heteropoly Acid in Organic Reactions Tokyo VCH, Kodansha Ltd 53.Google Scholar
Johne, R. and Severin, D., (1965) Die oberflachenmessung mit dem areameter Chemie-Ingenieur-Technik 37 57–61 10.1002/cite.330370112.Google Scholar
Komadel, P. Madejová, J. Janek, M. Gates, W. Kirkpatrick, R. and Stucki, J., (1996) Dissolution of hectorite in inorganic acids Clays and Clay Minerals 44 228–236 10.1346/CCMN.1996.0440208.Google Scholar
Mahmoud, S. and Saleh, S., (1999) Effect of acid activation on the de-tert-butylation activity of some Jordanian clays Clays and Clay Minerals 47 481–486 10.1346/CCMN.1999.0470410.Google Scholar
Mokaya, R. and Jones, W., (1995) Pillared clays and pillared acid-activated clays: A comparative study of physical, acidic and catalytic properties Journal of Catalysis 153 76–85 10.1006/jcat.1995.1109.Google Scholar
Narayanan, S. and Deshpande, K., (2000) Alumina-pillard montmorillonite: Characterization and catalysis of toluene benzylation and aniline ethylation Applied Catalysis A — General 193 7–27 10.1016/S0926-860X(99)00402-0.Google Scholar
Noufal, Y.M., (1990) A study of Jordanian clays as catalyst supports in some chemical reactions Irbid, Jordan Yarmouk University 140 pp.Google Scholar
Pinnavaia, T., (1983) Intercalated clay catalysts Science 220 365–371 10.1126/science.220.4595.365.Google Scholar
Ravichandran, J. and Sivasankar, B., (1997) Properties and catalytic activity of acid-modified montmorillonite and vermiculite Clays and Clay Minerals 45 854–858 10.1346/CCMN.1997.0450609.Google Scholar
Saleh, S. and Mahmoud, S., (1998) Catalytic debutylation of tert-butylphenols by some natural clays Reaction Kinetics and Catalysis Letters 64 373–380 10.1007/BF02475359.Google Scholar
Sanz, J. Madani, A. Serratosa, J. Moya, J. and Aza, S., (1988) Hollow spherical forsterite granules Journal of the American Ceramic Society 71 418–421 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1988.tb07513.x.Google Scholar
Shaikh, N. Gajare, A. Deshpande, V. and Bedekar, A., (2000) A mild procedure for the clay catalyzed selective removal of the tert-butylcarbonyl protecting group from aromatic amines Tetrahedron Letters 41 385–387 10.1016/S0040-4039(99)02028-6.Google Scholar
Szollosi, G. Kun, I. Torok, B. and Bartok, M., (1999) Chemoselective hydrogenation of the C-O group in unsaturated aldehydes over clay-supported platinum catalysts Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis 125 539–546 10.1016/S0167-2991(99)80257-2.Google Scholar
Tanabe, K., (1970) Solid Acids and Bases, their Catalytic Properties New York, London Academic Press.Google Scholar
Watanabe, T. Shimizu, H. Nagasawa, K. Masuda, A. and Saito, H., (1987) 29Si- and 27Al-MAS/NMR study of the thermal transformation of kaolinite Clay Minerals 22 37–48 10.1180/claymin.1987.022.1.04.Google Scholar