Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-mkpzs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-28T18:32:12.907Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Removal of a Binary Dye Mixture of Congo Red and Malachite Green From Aqueous Solutions Using a Bentonite Adsorbent

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

Abdil Özdemir  and
Can Serkan Keskin
Abdil Özdemir*
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Sakarya University, 54187 Esentepe, Sakarya, Turkey
Can Serkan Keskin
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Sakarya University, 54187 Esentepe, Sakarya, Turkey
*
* E-mail address of corresponding author: abdilo@sakarya.edu.tr
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

An important application of clay is as a solid adsorbent for industrial dyes. The aim of the present work was to carry out an experimental—theoretical study of the adsorption of dye mixtures, namely malachite green (MG) and Congo red (CR), by bentonite. Adsorption studies were conducted after evaluation of the impact of several parameters, including pH, adsorbate dose, and contact time, on the removal of MG and CR. The pH of the dye solution is strongly affected by the chemistry of both the dye molecules and of the adsorbent in an aqueous solution. Where both dye molecules exist in solution, the optimum pH was found to be 8.2 in order to achieve the maximum adsorption of both MG and CR. Preliminary studies showed that 60 min of contact time is sufficient to reach adsorption equilibrium. The adsorption studies were carried out using 1.0 g samples of bentonite. The amount of dye adsorbed was found by application of classical least squares to the synthetic dye mixtures. Data from equilibrium adsorption on bentonite were analyzed by Freundlich, Langmuir, Redlich-Peterson, and Temkin isotherm equations using regression analysis for non-linear forms of those equations. For binary-mixture analysis, isotherm parameters were determined from single-component adsorption studies and the theoretical amount of dye adsorbed was calculated using an extended Langmuir isotherm. Non-linear error analysis showed that the Temkin and Redlich-Peterson isotherms gave the best fits to the equilibrium data for adsorptive removal of MG and CR by bentonite.

Keywords

AdsorbentCLSCongo RedExtended LangmuirMalachite Green
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 57 , Issue 6 , December 2009 , pp. 695 - 705
Copyright
Copyright © The Clay Minerals Society 2009

References

Adams, M.J., 1995 Chemometrics in Analytical Spectroscopy Cambridge, UK The Royal Society of Chemistry 187.Google Scholar
Al-Duri, B. and McKay, G., 1988 Basic dye adsorption on carbon using a solid-phase diffusion model Chemical Engineering Journal 38 23–31 10.1016/0300-9467(88)80050-9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Allen, S.J. McKay, G. and Porter, J.F., 2004 Adsorption isotherm models for basic dye adsorption by peat in single and binary component systems Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 280 322–333 10.1016/j.jcis.2004.08.078.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Annadurai, G. Juang, R.S. and Lee, D.J., 2002 Factorial design analysis for adsorption of dye on activated carbon beads incorporated with calcium alginate Advances in Environmental Research 6 191–198 10.1016/S1093-0191(01)00050-8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beebe, K.R. and Kowalski, B.R., 1987 An introduction to multivariate calibration and analysis Analytical Chemistry 59 1007–1017 10.1021/ac00144a725.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Butler, J.A.V. and Ockrent, C., 1930 Studies in electrocapillarity. Part III. The surface tensions of solutions containing two surface-active solutes Journal of Physical Chemistry 34 2841–2845 10.1021/j150318a015.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Choy, K.H. Porter, J.F. and McKay, G., 2000 Langmuir isotherm models applied to the multicomponent sorption of acid dyes from effluent onto activated carbon Chemical Engineering Journal 45 575–584.Google Scholar
Freundlich, H., 1906 Over the adsorption in solution Journal of Physical Chemistry 57 385–470.Google Scholar
Georgiou, D. Melidis, P. Aivasidis, A. and Gimouho-poulos, K., 2002 Degradation of azo-reactive dyes by ultraviolet radiation in the presence of hydrogen peroxide Dyes and Pigments 52 69–78 10.1016/S0143-7208(01)00078-X.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ho, Y.S. Porter, J.F. and McKay, G., 2002 Equilibrium isotherms studies for the sorption of divalent metal ions onto peat: copper, nickel and lead single compound systems Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 141 1–33 10.1023/A:1021304828010.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kapoor, A. and Yang, R.T., 1989 Correlation of equilibrium adsorption data of condensable vapours on porous adsorbents Gas Separation and Purification 3 187–192 10.1016/0950-4214(89)80004-0.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kramer, R., 1998 Chemometric Techniques for Quantitative Analysis New York Marcel Dekker 51–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Langmuir, I., 1918 The adsorption of gases on plane surfaces of glass, mica and platinum Journal of the American Chemical Society 40 1361–1402 10.1021/ja02242a004.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marquardt, D.W., 1963 An algorithm for least squares estimation of nonlinear parameters Journal of the Society (Industrial) of Applied Mathematics 11 431–441 10.1137/0111030.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McKay, G., 1980 Kinetics of colour removal from effluent using activated carbon Journal of the Society of Dyers and Colourists 96 576–579 10.1111/j.1478-4408.1980.tb03501.x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McKay, G. and Al-Duri, B., 1989 Prediction of multi-component adsorption equilibrium data using empirical correlations Chemical Engineering Journal 41 9–23 10.1016/S0300-9467(98)80002-6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McKay, G. and Al-Duri, B., 1991 Extended empirical Freundlich isotherm for Binary systems: A modified procedure to obtain the correlative constants Chemical Engineering and Processing 29 133–138 10.1016/0255-2701(91)85012-D.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moon, H. and Lee, W.K., 1983 Intraparticle diffusion in liquid-phase adsorption of phenols with activated carbon in finite batch adsorber Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 96 162–171 10.1016/0021-9797(83)90018-8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Namasivayam, C. and Ranganthan, K., 1993 Waste Fe(III)/Cr(III) sludge as adsorbent for the removal of Cr (VI) from aqueous solution and chromium plating industry wastewater Environmental Pollution 82 255–261 10.1016/0269-7491(93)90127-A.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ozacar, M. and Sengil, I.A., 2005 Adsorption of metal complex dyes from aqueous solutions by pine sawdust Bioresource Technology 96 791–795 10.1016/j.biortech.2004.07.011.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ozacar, M. and Sengil, I.A., 2006 A two stage batch adsorber design for methylene blue removal to minimize contact time Journal of Environmental Management 80 372–379 10.1016/j.jenvman.2005.10.004.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Porter, J.F. McKay, G. and Choy, K.H., 1999 The prediction of sorption from a binary mixture of acidic dyes using single- and mixed isotherm variants of the ideal adsorbed solute theory Chemical Engineering Science 54 5863–5885 10.1016/S0009-2509(99)00178-5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ramakrishna, K.R. and Viraraghavan, T., 1997 Dye removal using low cost adsorbents Water Science and Technology 36 189–196 10.2166/wst.1997.0516.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Redlich, O. and Peterson, D.L., 1959 A useful adsorption isotherm Journal of Physical Chemistry 63 1024–1026 10.1021/j150576a611.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tahir, S.S. and Rauf, N., 2006 Removal of a cationic dye from aqueous solutions by adsorption onto bentonite clay Chemosphere 63 1842–1848 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.10.033.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Temkin, M.J. and Pyzhev, V., 1940 Kinetics of ammonia synthesis on promoted Iron Catalysts Acta Physicochimica, USSR 12 327–356.Google Scholar
Tsui, L.S. Roy, W.R. and Cole, M.A., 2003 Removal of dissolved textile dyes from wastewater by a compost sorbent Coloration Technology 119 14–18 10.1111/j.1478-4408.2003.tb00145.x.Google Scholar