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Site Occupancies by Iron in Nontronites

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

W. P. Gates ,
P. G. Slade ,
A. Manceau  and
B. Lanson
W. P. Gates*
Affiliation:
CSIRO Land and Water, PMB No 2, Glen Osmond, SA 5064 Australia
P. G. Slade
Affiliation:
CSIRO Land and Water, PMB No 2, Glen Osmond, SA 5064 Australia
A. Manceau
Affiliation:
Environmental Geochemistry Group, LGIT-IRIGM, University Joseph Fourier and CNRS, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
B. Lanson
Affiliation:
Environmental Geochemistry Group, LGIT-IRIGM, University Joseph Fourier and CNRS, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
*
*E-mail address of corresponding author: will.gates@adl.clw.csiro.au
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Abstract

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Twelve nontronites and two ferruginous smectites have been characterized with respect to Fe3+ occupancy of tetrahedral sites. The techniques used were near infrared, Fe-K X-ray absorption near-edge and X-ray absorption fine-structure spectroscopies, along with two X-ray diffraction techniques. The results show that calculations of the structural formulae of many nontronites should be adjusted to include Fe3+ in tetrahedral sites. The nontronite from Spokane County, Washington, (∼44% Fe2O3) is essentially an end-member with its non-siliceous tetrahedral sites occupied by Fe3+. Samples with chemical compositions similar to Garfield nontronite (∼36.5% Fe2O3) may have small amounts (<5% of total Fe3+) of tetrahedral Fe3+. Tetrahedral Fe3+ is unlikely to be present in samples containing less than ∼34% Fe2O3.

Keywords

Chemical AnalysesEXAFSNear IRNontronitesOctahedral FeSite OccupancySmectitesStructural FormulaTetrahedral FeXANESX-ray Diffraction
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 50 , Issue 2 , April 2002 , pp. 223 - 239
Copyright
Copyright © 2002, The Clay Minerals Society

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