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Transmission Electron Microscopy Study of Illitization in Pelites from the Iberian Range, Spain: Layer-by-Layer Replacement?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2024

Blanca Bauluz ,
Donald R. Peacor  and
Jose Manuel Gonzalez Lopez
Blanca Bauluz*
Affiliation:
Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra, Cristalografia y Mineralogia, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50.009 Zaragoza, Spain
Donald R. Peacor
Affiliation:
Department of Geological Sciences, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1063, USA
Jose Manuel Gonzalez Lopez
Affiliation:
Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra, Cristalografia y Mineralogia, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50.009 Zaragoza, Spain
*
E-mail of corresponding author: bauluz@posta.unizar.es
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Abstract

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A sequence of interstratified illite-smectite (I-S) and illite in Paleozoic pelites and metapelites from the Iberian Range, Spain, was studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The fine-grained matrix of diagenetic pelites is composed of I-S with sequences of illite- and smectite-like layers in a given sample. The Reichweite (R) values as determined by XRD and averaged over heterogenous I-S layer sequences increase with increasing grade, apparently continuously, in sharp contrast with TEM observations of other published sequences. Changes in I-S sequences along layers are rarely observed. In the higher-grade diagenetic pelites, I-S coexists with illite. Each I-S phase has a composition similar to that of illite, implying unique Al-Si distributions in contrast to smectite and muscovite. Selected area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns of I-S and illite are diagnostic of 1Md polytypism. Anchizonal metapelites consist of larger packets of well-crystallized muscovite, with SAED patterns corresponding to a two-layer polytype.

The continuous sequence of changes studied by TEM in I-S sequences and lateral transitions among these units is consistent with illitization by layer-by-layer replacement, although other processes are possible also. Replacement of individual layers probably occurs via fluids at reaction interfaces, in contrast to solid-state reactions, sensu strictu. The transition from the diagenetic to anchizonal rocks (transition in textures and formation of muscovite-2M1) occurred via dissolution/crystallization, however, presumably by tectonic stress. XRD and TEM data imply a consistent prograde trend in the sequence, the XRD data denning the average, long-range Reichweite ordering sequence, whereas the TEM data define the short-range layer sequences.

Keywords

Analytical Electron MicroscopyI-SIlliteIllitization ProcessPolytypismPrograde DiagenesisScanning Electron MicroscopyTransmission Electron Microscopy
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 48 , Issue 3 , June 2000 , pp. 374 - 384
Copyright
Copyright © 2000, The Clay Minerals Society

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