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Autism spectrum in patients with schizophrenia: correlations with real-life functioning, resilience, and coping styles

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 April 2021

Liliana Dell’Osso ,
Barbara Carpita Open the ORCID record for Barbara Carpita [Opens in a new window] ,
Ivan Mirko Cremone ,
Camilla Gesi ,
Arcangelo D’Ermo ,
Giovanni De Iorio ,
Gabriele Massimetti ,
Eugenio Aguglia ,
Paola Bucci  and
Bernardo Carpiniello
...Show all authors
Liliana Dell’Osso
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
Barbara Carpita*
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
Ivan Mirko Cremone
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
Camilla Gesi
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
Arcangelo D’Ermo
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
Giovanni De Iorio
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
Gabriele Massimetti
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
Eugenio Aguglia
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, Psychiatry Unit, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
Paola Bucci
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
Bernardo Carpiniello
Affiliation:
Section of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
Andrea Fagiolini
Affiliation:
Department of Molecular Medicine and Clinical Department of Mental Health, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
Rita Roncone
Affiliation:
Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
Alberto Siracusano
Affiliation:
Department of Systems Medicine, Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology Unit, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
Antonio Vita
Affiliation:
Psychiatric Unit, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy Department of Mental Health, Spedali Civili Hospital, Brescia, Italy
Claudia Carmassi
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
Mario Maj
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
*
*Author for correspondence: Barbara Carpita, Email: barbara.carpita1986@gmail.com
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Abstract

Background

Previous researches highlighted among patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) a significant presence of autistic traits, which seem to influence clinical and functional outcomes. The aim of this study was to further deepen the investigation, evaluating how patients with SSD with or without autistic traits may differ with respect to levels of functioning, self-esteem, resilience, and coping profiles.

Methods

As part of the add-on autism spectrum study of the Italian Network for Research on Psychoses, 164 outpatients with schizophrenia (SCZ) were recruited at eight Italian University psychiatric clinics. Subjects were grouped depending on the presence of significant autistic traits according to the Adult Autism Subthreshold Spectrum (AdAS Spectrum) instrument (“AT group” vs “No AT group”). Other instruments employed were: Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ), Specific Levels of Functioning (SLOF), Self-Esteem Rating scale (SERS), Resilience Scale for Adults (RSA), and brief-COPE.

Results

The “AT group” reported significantly higher scores than the “No AT group” on SLOF activities of community living but significantly lower scores on work skills subscale. The same group scored significantly lower also on SERS total score and RSA perception of the self subscale. Higher scores were reported on COPE self-blame, use of emotional support and humor domains in the AT group. Several correlations were found between specific dimensions of the instruments.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest the presence of specific patterns of functioning, resilience, and coping abilities among SSD patients with autistic traits.

Keywords

Schizophreniaautism spectrumresiliencecopingglobal functioning
Type
Original Research
Information
CNS Spectrums , Volume 27 , Issue 4 , August 2022 , pp. 457 - 467
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

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Footnotes

Liliana Dell’Osso and Barbara Carpita equally contributed to the work.

The members of the Italian Network for Research on Psychoses involved in this study are listed in the Appendix.

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