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Crime, violence, and behavioral health: collaborative community strategies for risk mitigation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 April 2015

Debra A. Pinals
Debra A. Pinals*
Affiliation:
Law and Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
*
*Address for correspondence: Debra A. Pinals, MD, Associate Professor of Psychiatry, Law and Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry, UMass Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655, USA. (Email: debra.pinals@umassmed.edu)
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Abstract

Criminal conduct is not always violent, and violence does not always lead to criminal charges. Moreover, crime and violence have multifaceted etiologies. Most violence in society is not attributable to mental illness. Where there is a small relationship between violence and mental illness, the risk of violence increases for individuals with substance use histories. Underlying trauma can also play a role. Antisocial attitudes, behaviors, and peer groups further increase the risk that individuals, including those with mental illness, will find themselves at risk of criminal recidivism. Criminal histories among public mental health populations, and mental health and substance use disorders among criminal populations are each higher than general population comparisons. Care within behavioral health settings should therefore target decreased criminal recidivism and decreased violence as part of recovery for those individuals at risk, using trauma-informed approaches and peer supports. Interventions that show promise bring criminal justice and behavioral health systems together, and include police-based diversion, specialty courts, court-based alternatives to incarceration, and coordinated re-entry programs. This article reviews these options along with specific risk management strategies, such as using risk, needs, and responsivity factors as a means of improving overall outcomes for persons with mental illness, while minimizing their risk of further criminalization and victimization.

Keywords

Behavioral healthcollaborationcorrectionscriminal recidivismmental illnesssubstance useviolence
Type
Review Articles
Information
CNS Spectrums , Volume 20 , Special Issue 3: Violence in the Psychiatric Setting , June 2015 , pp. 241 - 249
Copyright
© Cambridge University Press 2015 

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Footnotes

The opinions expressed in this paper are the author’s and do not reflect the views or opinions of any agency or entity with whom the author is affiliated.

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