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Duration of untreated illness in a cross-diagnostic sample of obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder, and social anxiety disorder

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 November 2018

Paula Vigne ,
Pedro Fortes ,
Rafaela V. Dias ,
Luana D. Laurito ,
Carla P. Loureiro ,
Gabriela B. de Menezes ,
Ulrich Stangier  and
Leonardo F. Fontenelle
Paula Vigne
Affiliation:
Obsessive, Compulsive, and Anxiety Spectrum Research Program. Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Pedro Fortes
Affiliation:
Obsessive, Compulsive, and Anxiety Spectrum Research Program. Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Rafaela V. Dias
Affiliation:
Obsessive, Compulsive, and Anxiety Spectrum Research Program. Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Luana D. Laurito
Affiliation:
Obsessive, Compulsive, and Anxiety Spectrum Research Program. Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Carla P. Loureiro
Affiliation:
Obsessive, Compulsive, and Anxiety Spectrum Research Program. Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Gabriela B. de Menezes
Affiliation:
Obsessive, Compulsive, and Anxiety Spectrum Research Program. Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Ulrich Stangier
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
Leonardo F. Fontenelle*
Affiliation:
Obsessive, Compulsive, and Anxiety Spectrum Research Program. Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Brain & Mental Health Laboratory, Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia D’Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
*
*Address correspondence to: Leonardo F. Fontenelle, Rua Visconde de Pirajá, 547, 617 Ipanema, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil, CEP: 22410-003. (E-mail: lfontenelle@gmail.com)
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Abstract

Objective

In this study, we compared duration of untreated illness (DUI) in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), panic disorder (PD), and social anxiety disorder (SAD) patients and investigated its correlates, both within specific diagnoses and across the whole sample.

Methods

Eighty-eight patients (33 OCD, 24 SAD, and 31 PD) had their diagnosis confirmed by the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, were assessed for treatment-seeking variables, and were evaluated with instruments aimed at quantifying transdiagnostic features (i.e., the Cause subscale of the Illness Perception Questionnaire–Mental Health and the Anxiety Sensitivity Index–Revised) and severity of illness (i.e., Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories, the Dimensional Obsessive-Compulsive Scale, the Panic and Agoraphobia Scale, and the Social Phobia Inventory).

Results

The only differences between groups with short (<2 years) versus long (>2 years) DUI were greater fear of public display of anxiety in the first group and greater social avoidance in the second group. The DUI was significantly different between groups that sought treatment after the onset of illness, with OCD patients having longer DUI than PD patients and shorter DUI than SAD patients. Further, DUI correlated negatively with the perception of OCD being caused by stress and positively with severity of panic-related disability in SAD patients, but not in PD or OCD patients.

Conclusion

There was substantial delay in treatment seeking among the anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorder patients, particularly those with OCD or SAD. Perception of stress as a cause of OCD prompted treatment seeking, while severity of panic symptoms delayed treatment seeking.

Keywords

Duration of untreated illnesshelp-seekingobsessive–compulsive disorderpanic disordersocial anxiety disorder
Type
Original Research
Information
CNS Spectrums , Volume 24 , Issue 5 , October 2019 , pp. 526 - 532
Copyright
© Cambridge University Press 2018 

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Footnotes

This work was supported by the Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (L.F., grant numbers 201.305/2014 and 211.191/2015); Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (L.F., grant number 308237/2014-5); D'Or Institute for Research and Education (L.F.) and the David Winston Turner Endowment Fund (L.F.).

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