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Emerging Treatment Options in Treatment-Resistant Depression and Anxiety Disorders

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 November 2014

Waguih William IsHak ,
Mark H. Rapaport  and
Jennifer G. Gotto
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Abstract

Management strategies for treatment-resistant depression and anxiety disorders have evolved over the last decade. Our understanding of the factors that impair recovery from an episode of major depression has increased, leading to the development of more precise diagnostic methodology that highlight the presence of comorbid conditions. New medications, creative uses of existing medications, increased empirical data about augmentation strategies, and the development of innovative nonpharmacologic interventions are responsible for a marked expansion in treatment options. Traditionally, augmentations with lithium, thyroid hormones, or electroconvulsive therapy have demonstrated effectiveness in some patients with treatment-resistant mood disorders. Among the promising treatments in both depression and anxiety is augmentation using low-dose antipsychotics medications, combining antidepressants of different classes, and the addition of psychotherapy. Nonpharmacologic interventions that may have potential include transcranial magnetic stimulation, deep-brain stimulation, and vagus-nerve stimulation. This article provides a brief review of the available data summarizing existing and new treatment strategies in depression and anxiety disorders.

Type
Research Article
Information
CNS Spectrums , Volume 9 , Issue S14: Treatment Resistance: Concepts and Management in Mood and Anxiety Disorders , December 2002 , pp. 25 - 32
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2002

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