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Stroop task among patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and pathological gambling (PG) in methadone maintenance treatment (MMT)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 December 2013

Einat Peles ,
Aviv Weinstein ,
Anat Sason ,
Miriam Adelson  and
Shaul Schreiber
Einat Peles*
Affiliation:
Dr. Miriam and Sheldon G. Adelson Clinic for Drug Abuse Treatment and Research, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel (affiliated with the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel)
Aviv Weinstein
Affiliation:
Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
Anat Sason
Affiliation:
Dr. Miriam and Sheldon G. Adelson Clinic for Drug Abuse Treatment and Research, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel (affiliated with the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel)
Miriam Adelson
Affiliation:
Dr. Miriam and Sheldon G. Adelson Clinic for Drug Abuse Treatment and Research, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel (affiliated with the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel)
Shaul Schreiber
Affiliation:
Dr. Miriam and Sheldon G. Adelson Clinic for Drug Abuse Treatment and Research, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel (affiliated with the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel)
*
Address for correspondence: Einat Peles, PhD, Adelson Clinic for Drug Abuse, Treatment & Research, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 1 Henrietta Szold Street, Tel Aviv 64924, Israel. (Email: einatp@tlvmc.gov.il)
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Abstract

Objectives

To evaluate the impaired attention selection (Stroop interference effect) and general performance [reaction times (RTs)] on the Stroop task among methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) patients with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), pathological gambling (PG), both PG/OCD or none, and the influence if having ADHD.

Methods

Eighty-six patients and 15 control subjects underwent the Stroop task, which measured RTs of condition-related words (color, obsessive compulsive disorder, pathological gambling, addiction) and neutral words.

Results

MMT patients had longer RTs on the Stroop task compared with controls. RTs were longer among patients with OCD and in those who abused drugs on the study day. The combined PG/OCD group had the longest RTs, but they were also characterized as abusing more drugs, being older, and having worse cognitive status. Stroop color interference differed only among MMT patients with ADHD, and it was higher among those with OCD than those without OCD. The modified condition-related Stroop did not show any interference effect of OCD, addiction, or gambling words.

Conclusions

MMT patients had generally poorer performance, as indicated by longer RTs, that were related to clinical OCD, drug abuse, poor cognitive state, and older age. Patients with both clinical OCD and ADHD had a higher Stroop interference effect, which is a reflection of an attention deficit. In order to improve clinical approach and treatment of MMT patients, OCD and ADHD should be evaluated (and treated as needed).

Keywords

Attention deficit hyperactivity disordermethadone maintenance treatmentobsessive compulsive disorderpathological gamblingStroop interference
Type
Original Research
Information
CNS Spectrums , Volume 19 , Issue 6 , December 2014 , pp. 509 - 518
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2013 

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Footnotes

Drs. Schreiber and Adelson contributed equally to the study and the manuscript preparation.

We thank Esther Eshkol for English editing and Erez Peles for the stroop programming.

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