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A survey of national trends in psychiatric patients found incompetent to stand trial: reasons for the reinstitutionalization of people with serious mental illness in the United States

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 January 2020

Katherine Warburton Open the ORCID record for Katherine Warburton [Opens in a new window] ,
Barbara E. McDermott Open the ORCID record for Barbara E. McDermott [Opens in a new window] ,
Anthony Gale  and
Stephen M. Stahl
Katherine Warburton*
Affiliation:
California Department of State Hospitals, Sacramento, California, USA University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
Barbara E. McDermott
Affiliation:
University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
Stephen M. Stahl
Affiliation:
California Department of State Hospitals, Sacramento, California, USA University of California, San Diego, California, USA University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
*
*Address correspondence to: Katherine Warburton, California Department of State Hospitals, Sacramento, California, USA. (Email: katherine.warburton@dsh.ca.gov)
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Abstract

Objective.

Recent information indicates that the number of forensic patients in state hospitals has been increasing, largely driven by an increase in patients referred to state hospitals as incompetent to stand trial (IST). This survey was intended to broaden the understanding of IST population trends on a national level.

Methods.

The authors developed a 30-question survey to gather specific information on IST commitments in each state and the District of Columbia. The survey was administered to all 50 states and the District of Columbia via email. Specific individuals identified as primary administrators responsible for the care and evaluation of IST admissions in each state were contacted.

Results.

A total of 50 out of the 51 jurisdictions contacted completed the survey. Fully 82% of states indicated that referrals for competency evaluation were increasing. Additionally, 78% of respondents thought referrals for competency restoration were increasing. When asked to rank factors that led to an increase, the highest ranked response was inadequate general mental health services in the community. Inadequate crisis services were the second ranked reason. Inadequate number of inpatient psychiatric beds in the community was the third highest, with inadequate assertive community treatment services ranking fourth.

Conclusions.

Understanding the national trend and causes behind the recent surge in referrals for IST admissions will benefit states searching for ways to remedy this crisis. Our survey indicates most states are facing this issue, and that it is largely related to insufficient services in the community.

Keywords

Incompetentstandtrialnationaltrendssurvey.
Type
Original Research
Information
CNS Spectrums , Volume 25 , Issue 2 , April 2020 , pp. 245 - 251
Copyright
© Cambridge University Press 2019

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