Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-j824f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T10:51:48.991Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Trial-based psychotherapy and the efficacy of trial-based thought record in changing unhelpful core beliefs and reducing self-criticism

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 April 2012

Irismar Reis de Oliveira ,
Curt Hemmany ,
Vania B. Powell ,
Thaís D. Bonfim ,
Érica P. Duran ,
Nilma Novais ,
Michella Velasquez ,
Elaine Di Sarno ,
Gledson L. Alves  and
Joici A. Cesnik
Irismar Reis de Oliveira*
Affiliation:
Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
Curt Hemmany
Affiliation:
Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
Vania B. Powell
Affiliation:
Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
Thaís D. Bonfim
Affiliation:
Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
Érica P. Duran
Affiliation:
Independent clinical psychologist, on behalf of the Brazilian TBTR Study Group
Nilma Novais
Affiliation:
Independent clinical psychologist, on behalf of the Brazilian TBTR Study Group
Michella Velasquez
Affiliation:
Independent clinical psychologist, on behalf of the Brazilian TBTR Study Group
Elaine Di Sarno
Affiliation:
Independent clinical psychologist, on behalf of the Brazilian TBTR Study Group
Gledson L. Alves
Affiliation:
Independent clinical psychologist, on behalf of the Brazilian TBTR Study Group
Joici A. Cesnik
Affiliation:
Independent clinical psychologist, on behalf of the Brazilian TBTR Study Group
*
*Address correspondence to: Irismar Reis de Oliveira, MD, PhD, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Federal University of Bahia, Avenida Reitor Miguel Calmon, s/no, Vale do Canela, Salvador, Bahia, 40110-905, Brazil. Email irismar.oliveira@uol.com.br
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Introduction

The best prevention against relapse results when patients are taught to restructure negative core beliefs (CBs). Efficacy of the trial-based thought record (TBTR) in decreasing the credit given by patients to negative CBs and corresponding emotions was evaluated.

Method

Patients (n = 166) were submitted to a simulation of a legal trial to assess their adherence to negative CBs and corresponding emotions after each cognitive therapy technique incorporated by TBTR.

Results

Significant reductions existed in percent values after the first and second defense attorney pleas, as well as after jury's verdict and initial preparation for the appeal (p < 0.001), relative to the investigation phase. Significant differences also emerged between the defense attorney's first and second pleas and between the defense attorney's second plea and jury's verdict, as well as preparation for the appeal (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference between percentages presented by patients submitted to TBTR used in the empty chair format relative to the conventional format. Similarly, there was no difference between outcomes, regardless of therapists’ level of exposure to TBTR.

Conclusion

TBTR may help patients reduce attachment to negative CBs and corresponding emotions. Outcomes were significantly favorable regardless of the format use and therapists’ level of exposure to TBTR.

Keywords

Cognitive therapyCore beliefsSelf-criticismTrial-based cognitive therapyTrial-based thought record
Type
Original Research Articles
Information
CNS Spectrums , Volume 17 , Issue 1 , 26 April 2012 , pp. 16 - 23
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2012

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1. Shahar B, Carlin ER, Engle DE, Hegde J, Szepsenwol O, Arkowitz H. A pilot investigation of emotion-focused two-chair dialogue intervention for self-criticism. Clin Psychol Psychother. 2011. doi: 10.1002/cpp.762. [Epub ahead of print].CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2.Wenzel, A. Modification of core beliefs in cognitive therapy. In: De-Oliveira IR (Ed.), Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy. Rijeka, Croatia: InTech; 2012. Available at: http://www.intechopen.com/books/standard-and-innovative-strategies-in-cognitive-behavior-therapyGoogle Scholar
3.Beck, JS. Cognitive Therapy: Basics and Beyond, 2nd ed. New York: Guilford Press; 2011.Google Scholar
4.De-Oliveira, IR. Assessing and restructuring cognitions. In: De-Oliveira IR (Ed.), Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy. Rijeka, Croatia: InTech; 2012. Available at: http://www.intechopen.com/books/standard-and-innovative-strategies-in-cognitive-behavior-therapyGoogle Scholar
5.Kafka, F. The Trial. New York: Schocken; 1998.Google Scholar
6.De-Oliveira, IR. Trial-based thought record (TBTR): preliminary data on a strategy to deal with core beliefs by combining sentence reversion and the use of analogy with a judicial process. Rev Bras Psiquiatr. 2008; 30(1): 12–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7.De-Oliveira, IR. Kafka's trial dilemma: proposal of a practical solution to Joseph K.'s unknown accusation. Med Hypotheses. 2011; 77(1): 5–6.Google Scholar
8. De-Oliveira IR. Trial-based cognitive therapy. Available at: http://www.commonlanguagepsychotherapy.org. Accessed August 7, 2011.Google Scholar
9.De-Oliveira, IR. Use of the trial-based thought record to change dysfunctional core beliefs. In: De-Oliveira IR (Ed.), Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy. Rijeka, Croatia: InTech; 2012.Google Scholar
10.Carstenson, B. The auxiliary chair technique—a case study. Group Psychotherapy. 1955; 8: 50–56.Google Scholar
11. Greenberg LS. Two-chair technique. Available at: http://www.commonlanguagepsychotherapy.org. Accessed August 28, 2011.Google Scholar
12.Beck, AT. Cognitive Therapy and the Emotional Disorders. New York: Penguin; 1976.Google Scholar
13.Burns, DD. Feeling Good: The New Mood Therapy. New York: Signet; 1980.Google Scholar
14.Greenberger, D, Padesky, CA. Mind Over Mood. New York: Guilford Press; 1995.Google Scholar
15.Cromarty, P, Marks, I. Does rational role-play enhance the outcome of exposure therapy in dysmorphophobia? A case study. Brit J Psychiatry. 1995; 167(3): 399–402.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
16.Freeman, A, DeWolf, R. The 10 Dumbest Mistakes Smart People Make and How to Avoid Them. New York: HarperPerennial; 1992.Google Scholar
17.Leahy, RL. Cognitive Therapy Techniques: A Practitioner's Guide. New York: Guilford Press; 2003.Google Scholar
18.Leahy, RL, Tirch, D, Napolitano, LA. Emotion Regulation in Psychotherapy. New York: Guilford Press; 2011.Google Scholar
19.De-Oliveira, IR. Sentence-reversion-based thought record (SRBTR): a new strategy to deal with “yes, but …” dysfunctional thoughts in cognitive therapy. Eur Rev Appl Psychol. 2007; 57(1): 17–22.Google Scholar
20.Leech, NL, Barret, KC, Morgan, GA. SPSS for Intermediate Statistics: Use and Interpretation, 3rd ed. New York: Psychology Press; 2008.Google Scholar
21. De-Oliveira IR, Powell VB, Wenzel A, et al. Efficacy of the trial-based thought record, a new cognitive therapy strategy designed to change core beliefs, in social phobia. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2011. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2710.2011.01299.x. [Epub ahead of print].Google Scholar
22.Gilbert, P. A biopsychosocial and evolutionary approach to formulation with a special focus on shame. In: Terrier N (Ed.), Case Formulation in Cognitive Behaviour Therapy: The Treatment of Challenging and Complex Cases. New York: Routledge; 2006.Google Scholar