Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gbm5v Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-28T06:09:27.509Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effects of pre-exercise intrapulmonary blood inoculation on equine pulmonary function during supramaximal exercise

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 February 2008

Shaun A. McKane ,
Warwick M. Bayly ,
Raymond H. Sides ,
Janene K. Kingston  and
Ronald F. Slocombe
Shaun A. McKane
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary Science, University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia
Warwick M. Bayly
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
Raymond H. Sides
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
Janene K. Kingston
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
Ronald F. Slocombe*
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary Science, University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia
*
*Corresponding author: r.slocombe@unimelb.edu.au
Get access

Abstract

This study was designed to determine the effect of 200 ml of autologous blood instilled in the lungs of healthy horses had on gas exchange, maximal oxygen consumption and breathing mechanics during supramaximal exercise, as a model of exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage (EIPH). The subjects were six healthy well-conditioned Thoroughbred horses. On four occasions over a 6-week period, six horses were subjected to two bouts of exercise to fatigue per day, each at speeds equated with an oxygen requirement that was 110% of . Prior to the second bout of exercise on each day, the horses underwent bilateral bronchoscopy during which either nothing (control), or 200 ml of saline, plasma or blood was inoculated into the distal airways, divided equally between each lung. Run time to fatigue, and measurements of pulmonary gas exchange and breathing mechanics were made and analysed for the effects of the four treatments (control, saline, plasma and blood). Inoculation of blood significantly reduced pulmonary oxygen exchange, and run time to fatigue. Plasma inoculation caused intermediate effects, adversely affecting arterial oxygen tension but without significantly reducing or run time to fatigue. Saline treatment had no effect. None of the treatments had an effect on ventilatory mechanics. The results of this study suggest that volumes of blood in the order of 200 ml can impair gas exchange and interfere with the ability of horses to exercise at supramaximal intensities. Blood volumes of this magnitude are readily evident endoscopically, and probably reflect a moderate-to-severe level of EIPH, in contrast to previously published studies where the unilateral instillation of 100 ml of blood or less did not affect performance.

Keywords

equineEIPHsupramaximal exercisebreathing mechanicsgas exchangeblood inoculation
Type
Research Paper
Information
Comparative Exercise Physiology , Volume 5 , Issue 1 , February 2008 , pp. 7 - 13
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2008

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1Aguilera-Tejero, E, Pascoe, JR, Tyler, WS and Woliner, MJ (1995). Autologous blood instillation alters respiratory mechanics in horses. Equine Veterinary Journal 27: 46–50.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
2Bayly, WM, Schulz, DA, Hodgson, DR and Gollnick, PD (1987). Ventilatory responses of the horse to exercise: effect of gas collection systems. Journal of Applied Physiology 63: 1210–1217.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
3Bayly, WM, Slocombe, RF, Schott, HC and Hodgson, DR (1999). Effect of intravenous administration of furosemide on mass-specific maximal oxygen consumption and breathing mechanics in exercising horses. American Journal of Veterinary Research 60: 1415–1422.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
4Birks, EK, Schuler, KM, Soma, LR, Martin, BB, Marconato, L, Del Piero, F, Teleis, DC, Schar, D, Hessinger, AE and Uboh, CE (2002). EI{H: postrace endoscopic evaluation of Standardbreds and Thoroughbreds. Equine Veterinary Journal Supplement 34: 375–378.Google Scholar
5Erickson, HH, O'Dea, JC, Pascoe, J, Robinson, NE and Sweeney, CR (1995). Exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH). Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 15: 464–466.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6Geor, RJ, Ommundson, L, Fenton, G and Pagan, JD (2001). Effects of external nasal strip and furosemide on pulmonary haemorrhage in Thoroughbreds following high-intensity exercise. Equine Veterinary Journal 33: 537–539.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
7Hillidge, CJ, Lane, TJ and Johnson, E (1984). Preliminary investigations of exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage in racing Quarter Horses. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 4: 21–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8Hinchcliff, KW, Jackson, MA, Brown, JA, Dredge, AE, O'Callaghan, PA, McCaffrey, JP, Morley, PS, Slocombe, RF and Clarke, AF (2005). Tracheobronchoscopic assessment of exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage in horses. American Journal of Veterinary Research 66: 596–598.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
9Hinchcliff, KW, Jackson, MA, Morley, PS, Brown, JA, Dredge, AE, O'Callaghan, PA, McCaffrey, JP, Slocombe, RF and Clarke, AF (2005). Association between exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage and performance in Thoroughbred horses. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 227: 768–774.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10Hopkins, SR, Bayly, WM, Slocombe, RF, Wagner, H and Wagner, PD (1998). Effect of prolonged heavy exercise on pulmonary gas exchange in horses. Journal of Applied Physiology 84: 1723–1730.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
11Kindig, CA, McDonough, P, Fenton, G, Poole, DC and Erickson, HH (2001). Efficacy of nasal strip and furosemide in mitigating EIPH in Thoroughbred horses. Journal of Applied Physiology 91: 1396–1400.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
12Kingston, JK, Bayly, WM and Sides, RH (2002). Effects of different volumes of autologous blood instilled into the airways of horses on pulmonary function during treadmill exercise. Equine Veterinary Journal Supplement 34: 447–450.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
13Lapointe, JM, Vrins, A and McCarvill, E (1994). A survey of exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage in Quebec Standardbred racehorses. Equine Veterinary Journal 26: 482–485.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
14MacNamara, B, Bauer, S and Iafe, J (1990). Endoscopic evaluation of exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in association with poor performance in racing standard breeds. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 196: 443–445.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15Manohar, M, Goetz, TE and Hassan, AS (2001). Effect of prior high-intensity exercise on exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia in Thoroughbred horses. Journal of Applied Physiology 90: 2371–2377.Google Scholar
16Mason, DK, Collins, EA and Watkins, KL (1983). Exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage in horses. In: Snow, DH, Persson, SGB and Rose, RJ (eds) Equine Exercise Physiology. Cambridge: Granta Editions, pp. 57–62.Google Scholar
17McKane, SA, Canfield, PJ and Rose, RJ (1993). Equine bronchoalveolar lavage cytology: survey of Thoroughbred racehorses in training. Australian Veterinary Journal 70: 401–403.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
18Slocombe, RF, Boden, LA, Finnin, PJ, Charles, JA, Clarke, AF and Sandy, JR (2005). Racetrack fatalities of Thoroughbred horses associated with acute pulmonary edema. Proceedings of the 3rd World Equine Airways Symposium. Ithaca, NY, p. 132.Google Scholar
19Soma, LR and Raphel, CF (1982). Exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage in Thoroughbreds after racing and breezing. American Journal of Veterinary Research 43: 1123–1127.Google Scholar
20Takahashi, T, Hiraga, A, Ohmura, H, Kai, M and Jones, JH (2001). Frequency of and risk factors for epistaxis associated with exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage in horses: 251,609 race starts (1992–1997). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 218: 1462–1464.Google Scholar