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“As on a Darkling Plain”: Practitioners, Publics, Propagandists, and Ancient Historiography

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 January 2012

T. C. McCaskie
T. C. McCaskie*
Affiliation:
School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
*
tmccaskie@aol.com; tm2@soas.ac.uk
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Extract

I am a professor of the history of Africa. I have spent four decades researching and writing about the historic West African forest kingdom of Asante (or Ashanti, now in Ghana), the most richly documented and most complex state and society in all of sub-Saharan Africa. In recent years I have become intrigued by the ways in which African histories authored by academic practitioners have been subjected to an ever-rising tide of readings, and misreadings, by interested publics and partisan propagandists. This paper addresses the problematic but understudied interaction between practitioners, publics, and propagandists in the understanding of history today. However, it is not about Africa.

Type
Research Article
Information
Comparative Studies in Society and History , Volume 54 , Issue 1 , January 2012 , pp. 145 - 173
Copyright
Copyright © Society for the Comparative Study of Society and History 2012

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45 See Paris Match, no. 1172, “Farah et le Chah: les fêtes fastueuses de Persépolis,” 23 Oct. 1971; an oral account of the Persepolis celebrations by Abdolreza Ansari, ex-Iranian minister of the interior, given to Cyrus Kadivar in Paris in 2002, is at www.iranian.com; and see too, T. Grigor, “Preserving the Antique Modern: Persepolis ‘71,” www.arch.columbia.edu. On the Cyrus Cylinder, see Mitchell, T. C., The Bible in the British Museum: Interpreting the Evidence (London: British Museum Press, 2004)Google Scholar, doc. 49, 92; Kuhrt, A., “The Cyrus Cylinder and Achaemenid Imperial Policy,” Journal for the Study of the Old Testament 8, 25 (1983): 83–97CrossRefGoogle Scholar, esp. 84.

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57 See, for example, http://www.wn.com/achaemenid_slavery; http://www.irandefence.net; and Rozaneh, an online Iranian cultural magazine, at http://www.rozanehmagazine.com/. For slavery, see M. Dandamayev, “Barda and Barda-Dari,” Encyclopaedia Iranica Online, at http://www.ivanicaonline.org. Vidal's, GoreCreation (New York: Random House, 1981)Google Scholar is a novel whose premise is that the Achaemenids were more “civilized” than their Greek counterparts; its fictional narrator Cyrus Spitama is Zarathustra's grandson.

58 For lively comment, see Beard, M., “Which Thucydides Can You Trust?,” New York Review of Books LVII, 14 (2010): 52–54Google Scholar. It is too early to judge, but a minority of (younger?) classicists seem determined to escape textualism and to engage with the classical tradition in relation to current political concerns. See, for example, Vlassopoulos, K., Politics: Antiquity and Its Legacy (London: I. B. Tauris, 2010)Google Scholar; and consult the publishing and other networks listed at the entry for P. Vasunia, at: http://www.reading.ac.uk. The website http://www.rogueclassicism.com is busy, irreverent, and informative.

59 See Parsons, P., City of the Sharp-nosed Fish: Greek Lives in Roman Egypt (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 2007)Google Scholar; and “Oxyrhynchus Online,” at: www.papyrology.ox.ac.uk/POxy.

60 Boedeker, D. and Sider, D., eds., The New Simonides: Contexts of Praise and Desire (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001)Google Scholar.

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64 Luraghi, N., ed., The Historian's Craft in the Age of Herodotus (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001)Google Scholar.

65 The best such study is R. Thomas, “Herodotus' Histories and the Floating Gap,” in Luraghi (see note 64).

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70 Maggio, T., Mattanza: The Ancient Sicilian Ritual of Bluefin Tuna Fishing (New York: Penguin, 2001)Google Scholar; D. Levine, “Tuna in Ancient Greece” (2000), at: www.uark.edu/campus-resources/dlevine.

71 On fish eating, see Davidson, J., Courtesans and Fishcakes: The Consuming Passions of Classical Athens (London: Harper Collins, 1997)Google Scholar; Miller, Athens and Persians, 29–62, for the loot.

72 See T. Holland, Persian Fire; Cartledge, P., Thermopylae: The Battle that Defined History (London: Macmillan, 2006)Google Scholar; Cartledge, P., Thermopylae: The Battle that Changed the World (London: Pan, 2007)Google Scholar; Strauss, B., Salamis: The Greatest Battle of the Ancient World, 480 BC (London: Hutchinson, 2004)Google Scholar; Strauss, B., The Battle of Salamis: The Naval Encounter that Saved Greece—and Western Civilization (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2005)Google Scholar; Billows, R., Marathon: How One Battle Changed Western Civilization (New York and London: Overlook Duckworth, 2010)Google Scholar.

73 Pressfield, S., Gates of Fire: An Epic Novel of the Battle of Thermopylae (New York: Doubleday, 1998)Google Scholar. Pressfield has written subsequent novels in the same vein about Alkibiades and Alexander of Macedon. “Agora” is a subscription website, but entering “Pressfield Agora” on the Web will bring up the public pages from which the information given here is drawn.

74 Miller, Frank, 300 (Milwaukie, Ore.: Dark Horse Books, 1999)Google Scholar. Director Michael Mann was said to be considering filming Gates of Fire when Snyder's movie was released.

75 Nisbet, G., Ancient Greece in Film and Popular Culture: Greece and Rome Live (Exeter: Bristol Phoenix Press, 2008)Google Scholar, contains the most subtle reading of 300 in terms of its popular reception as a film and, importantly, as an item for comment on now-pervasive global electronic media like YouTube.

76 See Porter, P., Military Orientalism: Eastern War through Western Eyes (London: Hurst, 2009)Google Scholar.

77 An early example is Keegan, J., A History of Warfare (New York: Knopf, 1993)Google Scholar. The cultural turn is the organizing principle in Parker, G., ed., The Cambridge History of Warfare (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005)Google Scholar.

78 See Hanson, V., Mexifornia: A State of Becoming (New York: Encounter Books, 2003)Google Scholar.

79 Hanson, V., The Other Greeks: The Family Farm and the Agrarian Roots of Western Civilization (New York: Free Press, 1995)Google Scholar; Fields without Dreams: Defending the Agrarian Idea (New York: Free Press, 1996)Google Scholar.

80 Hanson, V., The Western Way of War (New York: Knopf, 1989)Google Scholar; Hoplites: The Ancient Greek Battle Experience (London: Routledge, 1991)Google Scholar; Carnage and Culture: Landmark Battles in the Rise of Western Power (New York: Doubleday, 2001)Google Scholar; Ripples of Battle: How Wars of the Past Still Determine How We Fight, How We Live, and How We Think (New York: Random House, 2004)Google Scholar. It is interesting to compare Hanson's views with those expressed in Grene, D., Of Farming and Classics: A Memoir (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007)Google Scholar.

81 Paulin, T., “The Critic as Artist: Edward Said,” in his Crusoe's Secret: The Aesthetics of Dissent (London: Faber and Faber, 2005), 382–400Google Scholar. This book is dedicated to Edward and Mariam Said.

82 As is, perhaps, Said's conflicted relationship with his cousin and ultimately rejected mentor Charles Malik. Malik ended by thinking that the suasion to dignity and personhood prompted “the clash of civilizations” rather than an incorporationist world view; see Moyn, S., The Last Utopia: Human Rights in History (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2010)Google Scholar, esp. 65–66.

83 The first edition is Briant, P., Alexandre le Grand (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1974)Google Scholar; the English edition is Alexander the Great and His Empire: A Short Introduction (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2010)Google Scholar.

84 Ibid., xvi–xvii.

85 Ibid., xviii–xix.

86 See Gomme, A. W., Andrewes, A., and Dover, K. J., A Historical Commentary on Thucydides, 5 vols. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1945–1981)Google Scholar; Hornblower, S., A Commentary on Thucydides, 3 vols. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991–2008)Google Scholar.

87 Beard, “Which Thucydides Can You Trust?”; see also her provocative “Would It have Been Better Had some Surviving Works of Ancient Authors Been Lost?,” Guardian Review 25 Sept. 2010: 2.

88 Harrison, T., Writing Ancient Persia (London: Bloomsbury for Bristol Classical Press, 2011)Google Scholar.

89 Ibid., 7.

90 Ibid., 127.