Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-ndw9j Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-14T22:02:43.371Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The King Is King by the Grace of the People: The Exercise and Control of Power in Subject-Ruler Relations

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 June 2009

Ørnulf Gulbrandsen
Affiliation:
University of Bergen

Extract

In the face of the dominating tradition of British structural functionalism, anthropological studies of political leadership represented an important move towards accounting for the dynamics of centralized, as well as acephalous, polities (for example, Barth 1959 and Baily 1970; cf. Schapera 1956). Moreover, in focusing upon political actors and, by extension, political relations, these studies necessarily took account of the role of the subjects. Yet, despite Gluckman's innovative notion of “rituals of rebellion” (1954; cf. Beidelman 1966), the issue of political leadership has rarely focused upon the political dynamics of the ruler-subject relationship, examining the concerns and responses of those who more or less voluntarily subject themselves to an authority figure. Even such an important contribution as Succession to High Office (Goody 1966) completely ignores this issue.

Type
Kings and Their People
Copyright
Copyright © Society for the Comparative Study of Society and History 1995

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Barth, Fredrik. 1959. Political Leadership among the Swat Pathans. London: The Athlone Press.Google Scholar
Gaily, F. G. 1970. Stratagems and Spoils. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.Google Scholar
Beidelman, T. O. 1966. “Swazi Royal Ritual.” Africa, 34:4, 373405.Google Scholar
Bloch, Marc. 1961. Feudal Society, 2 vols., Manyon, L. A., trans. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Bourdieu, Pierre. 1977. Outline of the Theory of Practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bourdieu, Pierre. 1991. Language and Symbolic Power. Cambridge: Polity Press.Google Scholar
Burchell, William J. 1824. Travels in the Interior of Southern Africa, vol. 11. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Osme, Brown, and Green.Google Scholar
Burling, Robbins. 1974. The Passage of Power. Studies in Political Succession. New York, and London: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Campbell, John. 1922. Travels in South Africa … being a Narrative of a Second Journey, 2 vols. London: Westley. Reprint; London and New York: Johnson Reprint Corporation.Google Scholar
Chirenje, J. Mutero. 1987. Ethiopianism and Afro-Americans in Southern Africa. London: Louisiana State University Press.Google Scholar
Comaroff, John L. 1975. “Talking Politics: Oratory and Authority in a Tswana Chiefdom,” in Bloch, M., ed., Political Language and Oratory in Traditional Societies. London and New York: Academic Press, 141–61.Google Scholar
Comaroff, John L. 1978. “Rules and Rulers: Political Processes in a Tswana Chiefdom.” Man (n.s.), 13:1, 120.Google Scholar
Comaroff, John. L. 1982. “Dialectical Systems, History and Anthropology: Units of Study and Questions of Theory.” Journal of Southern African Studies, 8:2, 143–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Comaroff, Jean; and Comaroff, John L.. 1986. “Christianity and Colonialism in South Africa.” American Ethnologist, 13:1, 119.Google Scholar
Comaroff, Jean: and Comaroff, John L.. 1991. Of Revelation and Revolution. Christianity, Colonialism, and Con sciousness in South Africa. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Dachs, Anthony J. 1972. “Missionary Imperialism. The Case of Bechuanaland.” Journal of African History, 13:4, 647–58.Google Scholar
Durkheim, Emile. 1964. Elementary Forms of the Religious Life: A Study in Religious Sociology. Glencoe: The Free Press.Google Scholar
Feeley-Harnik, Gillian. 1985. “Issues in Divine Kingship.” Annual Review in Anthropology, no. 14:27–313.Google Scholar
Frazer, James G. 1987 [1900]. The Golden Bough. A Study in Magic and Religion. London: Macmillan Press.Google Scholar
Geertz, Clifford. 1980. Negra. The Theatre-State in Nineteenth-Century Bali. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Gluckman, Max. 1954. Rituals of Rebellion. Manchester: Manchester University Press.Google Scholar
Jack, Goody, ed. 1966. Succession to High Office. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Gulbrandsen, Ørnulf. 1993a. “Missionaries and Northern Tswana Rulers: Who used Whom.” Journal of Religion in Africa, 23:1, 4483.Google Scholar
Gulbrandsen, Ørnulf. 1993b. “The Rise of the North-Western Tswana Kingdoms: On the Socio-Cultural Dynamics of Interaction between Internal Relations and External Forces.” Africa, 63:4, 550–82.Google Scholar
Gulbrandsen, Ørnulf. 1994. Poverty in the Midst of Plenty. Socio-Economic Marginalization, Ecological Deterioration and Political Stability in a Tswana Society. Bergen Studies in Social Anthropology, no. 45, Bergen: Norse Publications.Google Scholar
Gulbrandsen, Ørnulf. n.d. “Living Their Lives in Courts,” in Harris, Olivia, ed., Inside and Outside the Law. London: Routledge. (Forthcoming 1995)Google Scholar
Hailey, Lord W. M. 1953. The High Commission Territories: Basutoland, the Bechuanaland Protectorate and Swaziland, pt. V. of Native Administration in the British African Territories. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office.Google Scholar
Hocart, Arthur M. 1969. Kingship. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Hocart, Arthur M. 1970. Kings and Councillors. An Essay in the Comparative Anatomy of Human Society, edited and with an introduction by Needham, Rodney. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Kantorowicz, Ernst H. 1957. The Kings' Two Bodies: A Study in Medieval Political Theology. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Kenny, Michael G. 1988. “Mutesa's Crime: Hubris and the Control of African Kings.” Comparative Studies in Society and History, 30:4, 595612.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Khama, , Sir Seretse 1980. From The Front Line. Speeches of Sir Seretse Khama, Gwendolen, M. Carter and Morgan, E. Philip, eds. London: Rex Collings.Google Scholar
Kuper, Adam. 1975. “The Social Structure of the Sotho-Speaking Peoples of Southern Africa.” Africa, 45:1, 6781 and 45:2, 139–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kuper, Adam. 1982. Wives for Cattle. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
David, Livingstone. 1959. Family Letters 1841–1854, Vol. 1, edited with an introduction by Schapera, I.. London: Chatto and Windus.Google Scholar
Lloyd, Edwin. 1895. Three Great African Chiefs. London: T. Fisher Unwin.Google Scholar
Machiavelli, Niccolo. 1975. The Discourses of Niccolo Machiavelli, translated from Italian with an introduction and notes by Walker, Leslie J.. London and Boston: Routledge and Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
Machiavelli, Niccolo. 1977. The Prince, Adams, Robert M., ed. and trans. New York: Norton.Google Scholar
Mackenzie, John. 1871 [1971]. Ten Years North of the Orange River, from 1859–1869. Edinburgh: Edmundston and Douglas. Reprinted, London: Frank Cass.Google Scholar
Robert, Moffat. 1842. Missionary Labours and Scenes in Southern Africa. London: Snow.Google Scholar
Fred, Morton; and Ramsay, Jeff, eds. 1987. The Birth of Botswana. A History of the Bechuanaland Protectorate from 1910 to 1966. Gaborone: Longman Botswana.Google Scholar
Nader, Laura. 1990. Harmony Ideology. Justice and Control in a Zapotek Mountain Village. Stanford: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Ngcongco, Leonard. 1977. “Aspects of the History of the Bangwaketse to 1910.” Ph.D. disser. Halifax, Nova Scotia: Dalhousie University.Google Scholar
Okihiro, Gary Y. 1976. “Hunters, Herders, Cultivators and Traders: Interaction and Change in the Kgalagadi in the Nineteenth Century.” Ph.D. disser. Los Angeles: Department of History University of California.Google Scholar
Jack, Parson, ed. 1990. Succession to High Office in Botswana. Athens, OH: Ohio University Centre for International Studies.Google Scholar
Parsons, Neil. 1973. “Khama III, the Bamangwato, and the British, with Special Refer ence to 1895–1923.” Ph.D. thesis, History Department, University of Edinburgh.Google Scholar
Plamenatz, John. 1972. Man and Society. A Critical Examination of Some Important Social and Political Theories from Machiavelli to Marx, vol. 1. London: Longman.Google Scholar
Pocock, J. G. A. 1975. The Machiavelian Moment. Florentine Political Thought and the Atlantic Republican Tradition. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Rey, Sir Charles. 1988. Monarch of All I Survev. Bechuanaland Diaries 1929–1937, Parsons, Neil and Crowder, Micheal, eds. New York: Lilian Barber Press.Google Scholar
Sahlins, Marshall. 1981. Historical Metaphors and Mythical Realities. Structure in the Early History of the Sandwich Islands Kingdoms. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press.Google Scholar
Sansom, Basil. 1974. “Traditional Rulers and their Realms,” in Hammond-Tooke, W. D., ed., The Bantu-Speaking Peoples of Southern Africa, 246–83. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Schapera, Isaac. 1934. “Oral Sorcery Among the Natives of Bechuanaland,” in Evans-Pritchard, E. E. et al., eds., Essays Presented to C. G. Seligman, 293305. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner.Google Scholar
Schapera, Isaac. 1940. “The Political Organization of the Ngwato in Bechuanaland Protecto rate, H” in Fortes, M. and Evans-Pritchard, E. E., eds., African Political Systems. London: International Institute for African Languages and Cultures.Google Scholar
Schapera, Isaac. 1942. “A Short History of the Bangwaketse.” African Studies, 1:1, 126.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schapera, Isaac. 1943. Tribal Legislation among the Tswana of Bechuanaland Protectorate: A Study in the Mechanism of Cultural Change. London: Lund, Humphries for the London School of Economics and Political Science.Google Scholar
Schapera, Isaac. 1947. The Political Annals of a Tswana Tribe. Communications, School of African Studies, University of Cape Town, n.s., no. 18.Google Scholar
Schapera, Isaac. 1952a [1957]. The Ethnic Composition of Tswana Tribes. Monographs on Social Anthropology, no. 11. London: London School of Economics and Political Science. Reprinted, New York: Humanities Press.Google Scholar
Schapera, Isaac. 1952b. “Sorcery and Witchcraft in Bechuanaland.” African Affairs, 51:1, 4152.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schapera, Isaac. 1953. The Tswana. Ethnographic Surveys of Africa, part III. London: International African Institute.Google Scholar
Schapera, Isaac. 1956. Government and Politics in Tribal Societies. London: C. W. Watts and Company, Ltd.Google Scholar
Schapera, Isaac. 1958. “Christianity and the Tswana. The Henry Myers Lecture.” Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 88:1, 19.Google Scholar
Schapera, Isaac. 1963. “Kinship and Politics in Tswana History.” Presidential Address, Royal Anthropological Institute. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 93:2, 159–73.Google Scholar
Schapera, Isaac. 1965. Praise-Poems of Tswana Chiefs. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Isaac, Schapera. 1966. “Tswana Legal Maxims.” Africa, 36:2, 121–33.Google Scholar
Schapera, Isaac. 1970. Tribal Innovators: Tswana Chiefs and Social Change 1795–1940. London School of Economics, Monographs on Social Anthropology, no. 43. London: Athlone Press.Google Scholar
Schapera, Isaac. 1971. Rainmaking Rites of Tswana Tribes. Leiden: Afrika-Studiecentrum.Google Scholar
Schapera, Isaac. 1984 [1938]. A Handbook of Tswana Law and Custom. London: Oxford University Press for the International African Institute.Google Scholar
Isaac, Schapera, ed. 1940. Ditirafalo isa Merafe ya BaTswana ba Lefatshe la Tshireletso (Traditional Histories of the Native Tribes of Bechuanaland Protectorate). Alice: Lovedale Press.Google Scholar
Setiloane, Gabriel M. 1976. The Image of God among the Sotho-Tswana. Rotterdam: Balkema.Google Scholar
Southall, A. W. 1956. Alur Society. A Study in Processes and Types of Domination. Cambridge: W. Heffer and Sons Ltd.Google Scholar
Solway, Jacqueline S.; and Lee, Richard B.. 1990. “Foragers, Genuine or Spurious.” Current Anthropology, 31:2, 109–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tlou, Thomas. 1985. A History of Ngamilands 1750 to 1906. The Formation of an African State. Gaborone: Macmillan Botswana.Google Scholar
Valeri, Valerio. 1985. Kingship and Sacrifice. Ritual and Society in Ancient Hawaii. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Walker, Leslie J. 1975. “Introduction,” in Walker, L. J., ed., The Discourses of Niccolo Machiavelli. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
Werbner, Richard. 1980. “The Quasi-Judicial and the Experience of the Absurd: Remaking of Land Law in North-Eastern Botswana.” Journal of African Law, 24:1, 131–50.Google Scholar
Whitfield, J. H. 1969. Discourses on Machiavelli. Cambridge: Heifer.Google Scholar
Willoughby, William C. 1928. The Soul of the Bantu. New York: Doubleday.Google Scholar
Wylie, Diana. 1990. A Little God. The Twilight of Patriarchy in a Southern African Chiefdom. Hanover: Wesleyan University Press.Google Scholar