Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-xbtfd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-15T08:42:43.166Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The King v. Robert James, a Slave, for Rape: Inequality, Gender, and British Slave Amelioration, 1823–1834

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 August 2005

Melanie J. Newton
Affiliation:
Department of History, University of Toronto

Extract

In December 1832, less than a year before the British Parliament passed the first imperial slave emancipation bill, an all-white jury in the British Caribbean colony of Barbados convicted a black, enslaved man named Robert James of having robbed and sexually violated Margaret Higginbotham, an impoverished white widow and mother. Since Robert James was a black man accused of raping a white woman the jury's decision could hardly have surprised anyone and his rapid dispatch by a hangman must have been universally expected.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
© 2005 Society for Comparative Study of Society and History

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Barbados House of Assembly 1818 Report of a Select Committee of the House of Assembly Appointed to Enquire into the Origin, Causes, and Progress, of the Late Insurrection Barbados and London T. Cadell and W. Davies
Beckles Hilary 1984 Black Rebellion in Barbados: The Struggle against Slavery, 1627–1838 Bridgetown, Barbados Antilles Publications
Beckles Hilary 1988 Black over White: The ‘Poor White’ Problem in Barbados Slave Society Immigrants and Minorities 7 1 1 15Google Scholar
Beckles Hilary 1989 White Servitude and Black Slavery in Barbados, 1627–1715 Knoxville University of Tennessee Press
Beckles Hilary 1990 History of Barbados, from Amerindian Settlement to Nation-State Cambridge Cambridge University Press
Blackburn Robin 1988 The Overthrow of Colonial Slavery, 1776–1848 London and New York Verso
Blackburn Robin 1997 The Making of New World Slavery: From the Baroque to the Modern, 1492–1800 London Verso
Burnard Trevor 1994 A Failed Settler Society: Marriage and Demographic Failure in Early Jamaica Journal of Social History 28 1 63 83Google Scholar
Campbell Carl 2000 Trinidad's Free Coloreds in Comparative Caribbean Perspectives Hilary Beckles and Verene Shepherd Caribbean Slavery in the Atlantic World Kingston Ian Randle 597–612
Cooper, Frederick and Ann Laura Stoler 1997 Tensions of Empire: Colonial Cultures in a Bourgeois World Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London University of California Press
Cox Edward 1984 Free Coloreds in the Slave Societies of St. Kitts and Grenada Knoxville University of Tennessee Press
Dickson William 1789 Letters on Slavery . . . to which are Added, Addresses to the Whites, and the Free Negroes of Barbadoes London J. Philips
Dunn Richard S. 1972 Sugar and Slaves: The Rise of the Planter Class in the English West Indies, 1624–1713 Chapel Hill University of North Carolina Press
Dwarris Fortunatus 1827 Substance of Three Reports of the Commission of Inquiry into the Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice in the West Indies. . . . London Joseph Butterworth and Son
Eudell Demetrius L. 2002 The Political Languages of Emancipation in the British Caribbean and the U.S. South Chapel Hill and London University of North Carolina Press
Forde-Jones Cecily 1998 Mapping Racial Boundaries: Gender, Race, and Poor Relief in Barbadian Plantation Society Journal of Women's History 10 3 20 21Google Scholar
Goveia Elsa 1965 Slave Society in the British Leeward Islands at the End of the Eighteenth Century New Haven and London Yale University Press
Goveia Elsa 1970 The West Indian Slave Laws of the 18th Century C. J. Bartlett Chapters in Caribbean History Barbados Caribbean Universities Press 7–53
Gragg Larry 2003 Englishmen Transplanted: The English Colonization of Barbados, 1627–1660 Oxford Oxford University Press
Green William A. 1976 British Slave Emancipation: The Sugar Colonies and the Great Experiment, 1830–1865 Oxford Clarendon Press
Hall Catherine 2002 Civilising Subjects: Colony and Metropole in the English Imagination, 1830–1867 Chicago and London The University of Chicago Press
Hall Neville 1972 Law and Society in Barbados at the Turn of the Nineteenth Century Journal of Caribbean History 5 20 45Google Scholar
Handler Jerome 1974 The Unappropriated People: Freedmen in the Slave Society of Barbados Baltimore Johns Hopkins University Press
Hartman Saidya V. 1997 Scenes of Subjection: Terror, Slavery and Self-Making in Nineteenth-Century America New York and Oxford Oxford University Press
Heuman Gad 1981 Between Black and White: Race, Politics and the Free Coloreds of Jamaica, 1792–1865 Oxford Greenwood Press
Higman Barry 1995 [1984] Slave Populations of the British Caribbean, 1807–1834 Kingston The Press, University of the West Indies
Holt Thomas 1992 The Problem of Freedom: Race, Labor, and Politics in Jamaica and Britain, 1832–1938 Kingston Ian Randle
Lambert David 2002 ‘True Lovers of Religion’: Methodist Persecution and White Resistance to Anti-Slavery in Barbados, 1823–1825 Journal of Historical Geography 28 2 216–36Google Scholar
Lazarus Black Mindie 1993 John Grant's Jamaica: Notes towards a Reassessment of Courts in the Slave Era Journal of Caribbean History 27 2 144–59Google Scholar
Lockley Timothy 1997 Crossing the Racial Divide: Interracial Sex in Antebellum Savannah Slavery and Abolition 18 3 159–73Google Scholar
Luster Robert 1995 The Amelioration of the Slaves in the British Empire, 1790–1833 New York and Paris Peter Lang
Marx Anthony 1996 Race-Making and the Nation-State World Politics 48 2 180 208Google Scholar
McLaurin Melton A. 1991 Celia, a Slave New York Avon Books
Mintz Sidney Douglas Hall 1960 The Origins of the Jamaican Internal Marketing System New Haven Yale University Publications in Anthropology, No. 57
Moitt Bernard 2001 Women and Slavery in the French Antilles, 1635–1848 Bloomington and Indianapolis Indiana University Press
Newton Melanie 2001 “‘The Children of Africa in the Colonies’: Free People of Colour in Barbados during the Emancipation Era, 1816–1854” Ph.D. Thesis Oxford University
Newton Melanie 2005 Philanthropy, Gender and the Production of Public Life in Barbados, c1790–c1850” Pamela Scully and Diana Paton Gender and Emancipation in the Atlantic World (forthcoming) Durham Duke University Press
Paton Diana 2001 Punishment, Crime, and the Bodies of Slaves in Eighteenth-Century Jamaica Journal of Social History 34 4 923–54Google Scholar
Peabody Sue 1996 “There Are no Slaves in France”: The Political Culture of Race and Slavery in the Ancien Régime Oxford and New York Oxford University Press
Reckord Mary 1971 The Colonial Office and the Abolition of Slavery The Historical Journal 14 4 723–34Google Scholar
Roediger David 1999 [1991] The Wages of Whiteness: Race and the Making of the American Working Class Rev. ed. London and New York Verso
Roots Ivan 1968 The Central Government and the Local Community E. W. Ives The English Revolution 1600–1660 London Edward Arnold
Schomburgk Robert H. 1848 History of Barbados London Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans
Sheppard Jill 1977 The ‘Redlegs’ of Barbados: Their Origins and History New York KTO Press
Turner Mary 1982 Slaves and Missionaries: The Disintegration of Jamaican Slave Society, 1787–1834 Urbana and London University of Illinois Press
Turner Mary 1999a Modernizing Slavery: Investigating the Legal Dimension New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 73 3 & 4 5–26Google Scholar
Turner Mary 1999b “The 11 O'clock Flog: Women, Work and Labour Law in the British Caribbean Slavery and Abolition 1 1 38 58Google Scholar
Viotti da Costa Emilia 1994 Crowns of Glory, Tears of Blood: The Demerara Slave Rebellion of 1823 New York and Oxford Oxford University Press
Ward J. R. 1988 British West Indian Slavery, 1750–1834: The Process of Amelioration Oxford Clarendon Press
Watson Karl 1979 The Civilised Island Barbados: A Social History, 1750–1816 Barbados Karl Watson
Watson Karl 1998 Salmagundis vs. Pumpkins: White Politics and Creole Consciousness in Barbadian Slave Society Howard Johnson and Karl Watson The White Minority in the Caribbean Kingston Ian Randle Publishers 17–29