Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-lj6df Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-14T09:30:58.816Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

“With my head on the pillow”: Sovereignty, Ethics, and Evil among Undercover Police Investigators

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 March 2016

Gregory Feldman*
Affiliation:
School for International Studies, Simon Fraser University

Abstract

Based on intensive ethnographic fieldwork among an undercover police investigative team in a southern European Union member state, I argue that moments arise when this team acts “ethically” in spite of the legal and policy mandates surrounding their work. I understand ethical action to include action that people undertake because they refuse to bear any responsibility (active or passive) for events that they deem to be “evil,” lest such events become constitutive of their own personhood. This situation would preclude individuals from living in agreement with themselves. To this end, the article details some basic conditions in which this team works when operating outside of the law. This ethnographic analysis points to a form of political sovereignty that depends squarely upon particular speaking subjects rather than transcends and homogenizes those subjects as made evident in Agamben's “state of exception” argument. Those conditions include their particular place in the investigative process; egalitarianism among particular subjects; deep familiarity with each other; and an understanding of similarities between themselves and the targets of their investigations. Though fleeting in its appearance, the impetus to political action and a sovereign form premised upon particular speaking subjects can be well understood by developing certain implications in phenomenological anthropology and the anthropology of ethics. Most important among them is the need for mutual recognition among particular speaking subjects as political equals.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Society for the Comparative Study of Society and History 2016 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Adorno, Theodor W., Frenkel-Brunswik, Else, Levinson, Daniel J., and Sanford, R. Nevitt. 1993 [1950]. The Authoritarian Personality. New York: Norton and Company.Google Scholar
Agamben, Giorgio. 1998. Homo Sacer: Sovereign Power and Bare Life. Stanford: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Arendt, Hannah. 1968. The Origins of Totalitarianism. New York: Harcourt.Google Scholar
Arendt, Hannah. 1978. The Life of the Mind. San Diego: Harcourt.Google Scholar
Arendt, Hannah. 1998. The Human Condition. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Arendt, Hannah. 2006. Eichmann in Jerusalem: A Report on the Banality of Evil. New York: Penguin Books.Google Scholar
Benhabib, Seyla. 2003. The Reluctant Modernism of Hannah Arendt. Lanhman, Md.: Rowman and Littlefield.Google Scholar
Biehl, João, Good, Byron, and Kleinman, Arthur, eds. 2007. Subjectivity: Ethnographic Investigations. Berkeley: University of California Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Calhoun, Craig and McGowan, John, eds. 1997. Hannah Arendt and the Meaning of Politics. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Cassaniti, Julia L. and Hickman, Jacob R., eds. 2014. “New Directions in the Anthropology of Morality.” Special Issue, Anthropological Theory 14, 3.Google Scholar
Caton, Steven. 2010. Abu Ghraib and the Problem of Evil. In Lambek, Michael, ed., Ordinary Ethics: Anthropology, Language, and Action. New York: Fordham University Press, 165–84.Google Scholar
Csordas, Thomas J. 2013. Morality as a Cultural System? Current Anthropology 54, 5: 523–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Das, Veena. 2012. Ordinary Ethics. In Fassin, Didier, ed., A Companion to Moral Anthropology. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 133–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Das, Veena, Kleinman, Arthur, Lock, Margaret, Ramphela, Mamphela, and Reynolds, Pamela, eds. 2001. Remaking a World. Berkeley: University of California Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Das, Veena, Kleinman, Arthur, Ramphela, Mamphela, and Reynolds, Pamela, eds. 2000. Violence and Subjectivity. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Desjarlais, Robert and Throop, C. Jason. 2011. Phenomenological Approaches in Anthropology. Annual Review of Anthropology 40: 87102.Google Scholar
Duranti, Alessandro. 2010. Husserl, Intersubjectivity, and Anthropology. Anthropological Theory 101, 1–2: 1635.Google Scholar
Fassin, Didier, ed. 2012. A Companion to Moral Anthropology. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell.Google Scholar
Fassin, Didier. 2013. Enforcing Order: An Ethnography of Urban Policing. Cambridge: Polity Press.Google Scholar
Fassin, Didier and Vasquez, Paula. 2005. The Humanitarian Exception as the Rule: The Political Theology of the 1999 Tragedia in Venezuela. American Ethnologist 32, 3: 389405.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Faubion, James D. 2011. An Anthropology of Ethics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Feldman, Gregory. 2012. The Migration Apparatus: Security, Labor, and Policymaking in the European Union. Stanford: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Feldman, Gregory. 2013. The Specific Intellectual's Pivotal Position: Action, Compassion, and Thinking in Administrative Society, an Arendtian View. Social Anthropology 21, 2: 135–64.Google Scholar
Feldman, Gregory. 2015. We Are all Migrants: Political Action and the Ubiquitous Condition of Migrant-hood. Stanford: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Foucault, M. 2007. Security, Territory, Population: Lectures at the Collège de France, 1977–78. Senellart, M., ed., Burchell, G., trans. (New York: Palgrave Macmillan).Google Scholar
Fromm, Erich. 1965 [1941]. Escape from Freedom. New York: Avon Books.Google Scholar
Garriot, William. 2011. Policing Methamphetamine: Narcopolitics in Rural America. New York: New York University Press.Google Scholar
Garriot, William, ed. 2013. Policing and Contemporary Governance: The Anthropology of Police in Practice. New York: Palgrave McMillan.Google Scholar
Graeber, David. 2009. Direct Action: An Ethnography. Oakland: AK Press.Google Scholar
Gupta, Akhil. 2012. Red Tape: Bureaucracy, Structural Violence, and Poverty in India. Durham: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Hardt, Michael and Negri, Antonio. 2004. Multitude. New York: Penguin Press.Google Scholar
Hoffer, Eric. 1951. The True Believer. New York: Harper and Row.Google Scholar
Holman, Christopher. 2013. Politics as Radical Creation: Herbert Marcuse and Hannah Arendt on Political Performativity. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.Google Scholar
Honig, Bonnie, ed. 1995. Feminist Interpretations of Hannah Arendt. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press.Google Scholar
Hoogenboom, Bob. 1991. Grey Policing: A Theoretical Framework. Policing and Society 2: 1730.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Humphrey, Caroline. 2008. Reassembling Individual Subjects: Events and Decisions in Troubled Times. Anthropological Theory 8, 4: 357–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jackson, Michael. 1998. Minima Ethnographica: Intersubjectivity and the Anthropological Project. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Jackson, Michael. 2005. Existential Anthropology: Events, Exigencies and Effects. New York: Berghahn Books.Google Scholar
Jauregui, Beatrice. 2013. Beatings, Beacons, and Big Men: Police Disempowerment and Deligitimation in India. Law and Social Inquiry 38, 3: 643–69.Google Scholar
Kleinman, Arthur, Das, Veena, and Lock, Margaret. 1998. Social Suffering. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Klockars, Carl, Ivkovic, Sanja, and Haberfeld, Maria, eds. 2004. The Contours of Police Integrity. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Klockars, Carl, Ivkovic, Sanja, and Haberfeld, Maria, eds. 2006. Enhancing Police Integrity. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer.Google Scholar
Laidlaw, James. 2014. The Subject of Virtue: An Anthropology of Ethics and Freedom. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Lambek, Michael. 2010a. Introduction. In Lambek, M., ed., Ordinary Ethics: Anthropology, Language, and Action. New York: Fordham University Press, 136.Google Scholar
Lambek, Michael, ed. 2010b. Ordinary Ethics: Anthropology, Language, and Action. New York: Fordham University Press.Google Scholar
Lempert, Michael. 2013. No Ordinary Ethics. Anthropological Theory 13, 4: 370–93.Google Scholar
Marx, Gary. 1989. Undercover: Police Surveillance in America. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Mattingly, Cheryl. 2012. Two Virtue Ethics and the Anthropology of Morality. Anthropological Theory 12, 2: 161–84.Google Scholar
Natapoff, Alexandra. 2009. Snitching: Criminal Informants and the Erosion of American Justice. New York: New York University Press.Google Scholar
Panglese, Ben. 2009. States of Insecurity: Everyday Emergencies, Public Secrets, and Drug Trafficker Power in a Brazilian Favela. Political and Legal Anthropology Review 32, 1: 4763.Google Scholar
Parkin, David. 1985a. Entitling Evil: Muslims and Non-Muslims in Coastal Kenya. In Parkin, D., ed., The Anthropology of Evil. Oxford: Blackwell, 224–43.Google Scholar
Parkin, David. 1985b. Introduction. In Parkin, David, ed., The Anthropology of Evil. Oxford: Blackwell, 125.Google Scholar
Rensmann, Lars and Gandesha, Samir, eds. 2012. Arendt and Adorno: Political and Philosophical Investigations. Stanford: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Rozema, Ralph. 2011. Forced Disappearance in an Era of Globalization: Biopolitics, Shadow Networks, and Imagined Worlds. American Anthropologist 113, 4: 582–93.Google Scholar
Schein, Edgar. 1971. Coercive Persuasion: A Socio-Psychological Analysis of the “Brainwashing” of American Civilian Prisoners by the Chinese Communists. New York: Norton and Company.Google Scholar
Skolnick, Jerome H. 1975. Justice without Trial: Law Enforcement in Democratic Society. 2d ed.Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Throop, C. Jason. 2010. Suffering and Sentiment: Exploring the Vicissitudes of Experience and Pain in Yap. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Villa, Dana, ed. 2001. The Cambridge Companion to Hannah Arendt. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Zigon, Jarrett. 2008. Morality: An Anthropological Perspective. New York: Berg.Google Scholar