Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-mlc7c Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T12:18:56.108Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Building a translational science on children and youth affected by political violence and armed conflict: A commentary

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 November 2016

Ann S. Masten*
Affiliation:
University of Minnesota Institute of Child Development
*
Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Ann S. Masten, Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, 51 East River Road, Minneapolis MN 55455; E-mail: amasten@umn.edu.

Abstract

Articles in this timely Special Section represent an important milestone in the developmental science on children and youth involved in political violence and armed conflict. With millions of children worldwide affected by past and present wars and conflicts, there is an urgent and growing need for research to inform efforts to understand, prevent, and mitigate the possible harm of such violence to individual children, families, communities, and societies, for present as well as future generations. The four programs of research highlighted in this Special Section illustrate key advances and challenges in contemporary development research on young people growing up in the midst or aftermath of political violence. These studies are longitudinal, methodologically sophisticated, and grounded in socioecological systems models that align well with current models of risk and resilience in developmental psychopathology. These studies collectively mark a critically important shift to process-focused research that holds great promise for translational applications. Nonetheless, given the scope of the international crisis of children and youth affected by political violence and its sequelae, there is an urgent global need for greater mobilization of resources to support translational science and effective evidence-based action.

Type
Special Section Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2016 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Betancourt, T. S., Borisova, I. I., Williams, T. P., Brennan, R. T., Whitfield, T. H., de la Soudiere, M., … Gilman, S. E. (2010). Sierra Leone's former child soldiers: A follow-up study of psychosocial adjustment and community reintegration. Child Development, 81, 10761094.Google Scholar
Betancourt, T. S., Borisova, I., Williams, T. P., Meyers-Ohki, S. E., Rubin-Smith, J. E., Annan, J., & Kohrt, B. A. (2013). Research review: Psychosocial adjustment and mental health in former child soldiers—A systematic review of the literature and recommendations for future research. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54, 1736.Google Scholar
Betancourt, T. S., McBain, R., Newnham, E. A., & Brennan, R. T. (2013). Trajectories of internalizing problems in war-affected Sierra Leonean youth: Examining conflict and postconflict factors. Child Development, 84, 455470.Google Scholar
Boxer, P., Huesmann, L. R., Dubrow, E. F., Landau, S. F., Gvisman, S. D., Shikaki, K., & Ginges, J. (2013). Exposure to violence across the social ecosystem and the development of aggression: A test of ecological theory in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Child Development, 84, 163177.Google Scholar
Boyce, W. T., & Kobor, M. S. (2015). Development and the epigenome: The “synapse” of gene-environment interplay. Developmental Science, 18, 123.Google Scholar
Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The ecology of human development: Experiments by nature and design. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Bronfenbrenner, U., & Morris, P. A. (2006). The bioecological model of human development. In Lerner, R. M. (Ed.), Handbook of child psychology: Vol. 1. Theoretical models of human development (6th ed., pp. 793828). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.Google Scholar
Cicchetti, D., & Rogosch, F. A. (1996). Equifinality and multifinality in developmental psychopathology. Development and Psychopathology, 8, 597600.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cicchetti, D., & Toth, S. L. (2009). The past achievements and future promises of developmental psychopathology: The coming of age of a discipline. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 50, 1625.Google Scholar
Cummings, E. M., & Davies, P. T. (2011). Marital conflict and children: An emotional security perspective. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Cummings, E. M., Merrilees, C. E., Schermerhorn, A. C., Goeke-Morey, M. C., Shirlow, P., & Cairns, E. (2011). Longitudinal pathways between political violence and child adjustment: The role of emotional security about the community in Northern Ireland. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 39, 213224.Google Scholar
Cummings, E. M., & Valentino, K. V. (2015). Development psychopathology. In Overton, W. F. & Molenaar, P. C. M. (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology and developmental science: Vol. 1. Theory and Method (7th ed., pp. 566606). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.Google Scholar
Davies, P. T., & Cummings, E. M. (1994). Marital conflict and child adjustment: An emotional security hypothesis. Psychological Bulletin, 116, 387411.Google Scholar
Garbarino, J., Governale, A., Henry, P., & Nesi, D. (2015). Children and terrorism. Social Policy Report, 29, 330.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldenberg, H., & Goldenberg, I. (2013). Family therapy: An overview (8th ed.). Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole.Google Scholar
Gottlieb, G. (2007). Probabilistic epigenesis. Developmental Science, 10, 111.Google Scholar
Leckman, J. F., Panter-Brick, C., & Salah, R. (2014). Pathways to peace: The transformative power of children and families. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Lerner, R. M. (2006). Developmental science, developmental systems, and contemporary theories of human development. In Lerner, R. M. & Damon, W. (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology: Vol. 1. Theoretical models of human development (6th ed., pp. 117). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.Google Scholar
Lickliter, R. (2013). Biological development: Theoretical approaches, techniques, and key findings. In Zelazo, P. D. (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of developmental psychology: Vol. 1. Body and mind (pp. 6590). New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Masten, A. S. (2014a). Global perspectives on resilience in children and youth. Child Development, 85, 620.Google Scholar
Masten, A. S. (2014b). Ordinary magic: Resilience in development. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Masten, A. S. (2015). Pathways to integrated resilience science. Psychological Inquiry, 26, 187196.Google Scholar
Masten, A. S., & Cicchetti, D. (2010). Developmental cascades. Development and Psychopathology, 22, 491496.Google Scholar
Masten, A. S., & Cicchetti, D. (2016). Resilience in development: Progress and transformation. In Cicchetti, D. (Ed.), Developmental psychopathology: Vol. 4. Risk, resilience, and intervention (3rd ed., pp. 271333). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.Google Scholar
Masten, A. S., & Monn, A. R. (2015). Child and family resilience: A call for integrated science, practice, and professional training. Family Relations, 64, 521.Google Scholar
Masten, A. S., & Narayan, A. J. (2012). Child development in the context of disaster, war and terrorism: Pathways of risk and resilience. Annual Review of Psychology, 63, 227257.Google Scholar
Masten, A. S., Narayan, A. J., Silverman, W. K., & Osofsky, J. D. (2015). Children in war and disaster. In Lerner, R. M. (Ed.) & Bornstein, M. H. & Leventhal, T. (Vol. Eds.), Handbook of child psychology and developmental science: Vol. 4. Ecological settings and processes in developmental systems (7th ed., pp. 704745). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.Google Scholar
Overton, W. F. (2013). A new paradigm for developmental science: Relationism and relational-developmental systems. Applied Developmental Science, 17, 94107.Google Scholar
Reiman, T., Rollenhagen, C., Pietikäinen, E., & Heikkilä, J. (2015). Principles of adaptive management in complex safety-critical organizations. Safety Science, 71, 8092.Google Scholar
Tol, W. A., Song, S., & Jordans, M. J. D. (2013). Annual research review: Resilience and mental health in children and adolescents living in areas of armed conflict—A systematic review of findings in low- and middle-income countries. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54, 445460.Google Scholar
Walsh, F. (2016). Strengthening family resilience (3rd ed.). New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Zelazo, P. D. (2013). Developmental psychology: A new synthesis. In Zelazo, P. D. (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of developmental psychology. Vol. 1. Body and mind (pp. 312). New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar